Background: The COVID-19 has a huge negative impact on people's health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a good effect on viral pneumonia. It is of great practical significance to study its pharmacology. Methods: The ingredients and targets of each herb in Maxing Shigan Decoction which obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and the related targets of COVID-19 were screened by GeneCards database based on the network pharmacology. Venn was used to analyze the intersection target between active ingredients and diseases. Cytoscape software was used to construct an active ingredient-disease target network. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database and Cytohubba was used to screen out the key targets. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed by DAVID database. Results: In this study, a total of 134 active ingredients and 229 related targets, 198 targets of COVID-19 and 48 common targets of drug-disease were chosen. Enrichment items and pathways were obtained through GO and KEGG pathway analysis. The predicted active ingredients were quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, glycyrol, and the key targets involved IL6, MAPK3, MAPK8, CASP3, IL10, etc. The results showed that the active ingredients of Maxing Shigan Decoction acted on multiple targets which played roles in the treatment of COVID-19 by regulating inflammation, immune system and other pathways. Conclusions: The main contribution of this paper is to use data to mine the principles of the treatment of COVID-19 from the pharmacology of these prescriptions, and the results can be provided theoretical reference for medical workers.