Objective: Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-MtDNA) has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancers. However, inter-relationships among the three biological events have not been well-characterized. Therefore, our investigation was conducted to better understand the role of cf-MtDNA on pathogenesis of the two diseases. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 64 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (before therapy), 45 patients with COPD and 62 healthy individuals. cf-MtDNA copy numbers were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cytokines were determined using a human ELISA kit. Results: Our data indicate that smoking statuses of the patients and controls were significantly associated with increased cf-MtDNA in plasma samples. Furthermore, NSCLC patients had significantly higher cf-MtDNA copy numbers than COPD patients (p < 0.03) and normal controls (p < 0.02), together with elevated proinflammatory cytokines over the controls (p < 0.05). Our study shows that the copy numbers for the NSCLC patients were positively associated with their subsequent metastasis but inversely associated with their overall survival. Conclusion:Our study indicates certain lung injury (e.g., from cigarette smoking) was responsible for the release of cf-MtDNA and proinflammatory cytokines into plasmas among our patients and controls. The increase in cf-MtDNA copy numbers was significantly associated with the development of both COPD and NSCLC, with increase in interleukin 6, and from our 5-year follow-up, with poor prognosis among the NSCLC patients. Therefore, with further validation, cf-MtDNA can be considered for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.
The article presents data on the modern methods of treatment of cholecystisis complicated by choledocholithiasis. Methods of surgical treatment of common bile duct stones are increasing with the development of new technologies. Despite this, there is no clear consensus on the "gold standard" in treatment this disease. Old and new approaches include open surgical (including the mini-access method), laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures. The use of mini-invasive technology significantly reduces the number of postoperative complications, the period of postoperative rehabilitation of patients, and the mortality rate. The availability of technical resources and professional experience of experts may also play a crucial role in choice of treatment strategy.Key words: choledocholithiasis -surgical treatment. тҰжЫРЫМДАМА Мақалада холедохолитиазбен асқынған өт-тас ауруының жаңа емдеу әдістері келтірілген. Холедохолитиаздың хирургиялық емі жаңа технологиялардың дамуымен қоса көбеюде. Әлі күнге дейін бұл мәселенің «алтын стандартты» шешімі жоқ. Бұл патологияның жаңа және ескі емдеу әдістеріне ашық хирургиялық, лапароскопиялық және эндоскопиялық әдістер кіреді. Мини-инвазивті технологияларды қолдану науқастардың отадан кейінгі қалпына келу кезенің қысқартады, отадан кейінгі асқынуларды, сонымен қатар өлімділік көрсеткішін азайтады. Емдеу мекемелердің техникалық жабдықтануы және маманның кәсіби тәжірибесі мен біліктілігі емдеу әдісін таңдау кезінде шешуші рөль болуы мүмкін.Маңызды сөздер: холедохолитиаз -хирургиялық ем.современные технологии лечения холедохолитиАзА серікбайұлы д. 1, Аймагамбетов м.ж. РЕЗюМЕ В статье приведены данные о современных методах лечения желчнокаменной болезни, осложненной холедохолитиазом. Методы хирургического лечения холедохолитиаза увеличиваются с развитием новых технологий. До сих пор не существует четкого консенсуса от-носительно «золотого стандарта» в решении данной проблемы. Старые и новые подходы в лечении этой патологии включают открытые хирургические (в том числе и из мини-доступа), лапароскопические и эндоскопические методы. Применение мини-инвазивных технологий значительно уменьшает количество послеоперационных осложнений, уменьшает период послеоперационной реабилитации пациентов, со-кращает летальность. Доступность технических ресурсов клиник и профессиональный опыт специалистов, также может сыграть решающую роль в принятии решения тактики лечения.Ключевые слова: холедохолитиаз -хирургическое лечение.
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