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Background: Hydatosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus dog tap worm is zoonotic infection and economic importance and to public health constitutes a major threat in certain regions of the Middle East. There is an establishment of preventive and control strategy for characterization of E.granulosus in all endemic area which is essential in all molecular studies, to check the DNA of the parasite.Objective: Our study aimed to obtain the best from three extractions DNA methods from hydatid cyst protoscolecses isolated from sheep in Al-shawlla abattoir in Baghdad.Subjects and Methods: Three methods were used to extract DNA samples (boiling, crushing and commercial) DNA samples were performed with electrophoreses on 1.3% agarose. Regarding DNA for methods were compared by time and facility and cost-effectiveness.Results: The most method was boiling and crushing DNA extraction because of their easy, quickness besides the commercial kit method which had good bands on gel electrophoresis but had most cost effectiveness and time.Conclusion: The most method were boiling and crushing using for DNA extraction   مقارنة لثلاث طرق لأستخلاص الدنا الخاص بدودة المشوكات الحبيبية المعزولة من الأغنام والأبقار    د. دنيا نجم الدين أحمد د. سلوى صبر محسن   د. عبدالله لفتة جياد   الخلاصه: المقدمه: مرض الأكياس المائية يتسبب عن الأصابة بدودة الكلب( المشوكة الحبيبية)وله أهمية من الناحية كونها تسبب عدوى حيوانية مشتركة مما تؤثر على الناحية الأقتصادية والصحة العامة يشكل رئيسي وهذا ما يهدد مناطق محددة من الشرق الآوسط وهذه المناطق الموبؤة بدودة المشوكات الحبيبية "ولابد من  وضع استراتيجية للوقاية والتحكم .مما يتطلب وصف المشوكة الحبيبية في جميع الدراسات الجزيئية للتحري عن الدنا الموجود في هذا الطفيلي . الأهداف : تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد الأفضل من طرق أستخلاص الثلاثة( قيد الدراسة)  لدنا الأكياس المائية  لطفيلي المشوكات الحبيبية التي تم جمعها من الأغنام والأبقار من مجزرة الشعلة في مدينة بغداد .   طريقة العمل  : تم أستخدام ثلاث طرق لأستخلاص عينات من الحمض النووي الدنا وهي طريقة الغليان والسحق والعدة التجارية ورحلت النتائج على 1.3% من جل الأكاروز , وفيما يتعلق بطرق الأستخلاص للحامض النووي قورنت من ناحية الوقت والتكلفة ومدى الدقة ووضوح الدنا المستخلص . النتائج : الطرق التي كانت الأحسن في أستخلاص الدنا هي طريقة الغليان وطريقة السحق لأنها سهلة وسريعة بالأضافة الى الطريقة التي تستخدم العدة التجارية التي تعطي حزم جيدة للحمض النووي الدنا أثناء الترحيل الكهربائي لكنها ذات تكلفة عالية وتأخذ وقت . الأستنتاجات : الطرق الأحسن أستخداما لأستخلاص الحمض النووي الدنا هي طريقتي الغليان والسحق   مفتاح الكلمات: طرق استخلاص الدنا، الاكياس المائية، المشوكات الحبيبية

Background: Hydatosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus dog tap worm is zoonotic infection and economic importance and to public health constitutes a major threat in certain regions of the Middle East. There is an establishment of preventive and control strategy for characterization of E.granulosus in all endemic area which is essential in all molecular studies, to check the DNA of the parasite.Objective: Our study aimed to obtain the best from three extractions DNA methods from hydatid cyst protoscolecses isolated from sheep in Al-shawlla abattoir in Baghdad.Subjects and Methods: Three methods were used to extract DNA samples (boiling, crushing and commercial) DNA samples were performed with electrophoreses on 1.3% agarose. Regarding DNA for methods were compared by time and facility and cost-effectiveness.Results: The most method was boiling and crushing DNA extraction because of their easy, quickness besides the commercial kit method which had good bands on gel electrophoresis but had most cost effectiveness and time.Conclusion: The most method were boiling and crushing using for DNA extraction  

The current work was done to determine the correlation between vitamin D and cystatin C as a predictor of kidney disease in males with diabetes mellitus. A total of 60 males were taken from October to December 2018. They were divided into 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy volunteers' as a control group. Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, plasma glucose level, creatinine and urea were measured for all subjects. Also, levels of 25(OH) D and cystatin-c were determined using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method. In this current study, as expected, patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly higher (p< 0.001) fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as compared to the age-matched controls group. In addition, a significantly higher increase in the average level of urea, creatinine, and cystatin-c while significant higher decreases in vitamin D concentration compared to the patients group with the control group were found. A significant negative correlation was found between 25(OH) D and urea levels. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation was observed between the 25(OH) D level and HbA1c, FBG, cystatin-c and creatinine. From the results of this work, vitamin D could be a valuable predictor of nephropathy in males with diabetes mellitus. Likewise, further work is required to suggest that vitamin D may be prone to nephropathy in all patients with diabetes mellitus by estimating cystatin C as a clinical risk for kidney function. Keywords: Nephropathy, cystatin C, vitamin D.