The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ochratoxin A (OTA) on the serum activity of AST, ALT and ALP, Glutathione (GSH) and liver, kidney and spleen histopathology .Twenty male rats divided equally into three treated groups dosed orally and daily with OTA doses (70, 140 and 210 μg/kg) for 20 day representing T1, T2 and T3 groups and the fourth group dosed daily with distilled water considered as control one. Biochemical result showed elevation in AST and ALT activity and decrease in ALP enzyme activity and GSH serum concentration of treated serum groups at 10 and 20 days of exposure to ochratoxin A these changes positively were proportional with increase OTA doses (dose dependent). Histopathological changes were noticed in liver, kidney and spleen of all treated groups including (necrosis, congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and vacuolation of cytoplasm). The severities of these lesions are in dose dependent manner.
New formulation of Ivermectin 1% injectable solution was prepared for Veterinary therapeutic use. Information about all the materials used in preparation of formula were collected from the pharmacopeia while analar material were provided and used to prepare about three pilot formulae, from which the final one was prepared. Stability of new formula was tested in different room environmental conditions by comparing any change in physicochemical properties concerning form, color, transparency, pH in different storage room temperatures for 20 months. The results of testing the formula both in-vitro against parasitic larvae motility and parasitic infection in diseased cattle and sheep indicating its efficiency as well as its chemical analysis, that indicate nearly no change in its concentrations for almost two years analysis. This formula was approved by I.V.S.C. as a drug for veterinary therapeutic uses after passing all testing schedule. A certificate for such was provided
This study was performed to evaluate the improvement in serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters in female diabetic rabbits after two month treatment with glimepride, bromocriptine and fluoxtein in order to decrease cardiovascular diseases risk related to type 2diaetes mellitus. Twenty five local female rabbits divided equally in to five groups, four groups were diabetes type 2 induced by alloxan 120 mg/kg and nicotinamide 50 mg/kg and the fifth group was control negative (Cv-).The animal were allocated to different treatment regimen ,dosed orally on daily base for two months treatment, as following, T1 (glimepride 0.11mg/kg),T2 (glimepride 0.11+bromocriptine 0.04 mg/kg),T3 (glimepride 0.11+fluoxtein 0.29 mg/kg), control positive group(Cve+) diabetic without treatment and the fifth group was control negative group (Cve-) dosed with distall water. Lipid profile, interleukin-6,C-reactive protein were determined after diabetes induction and at the end of experiment. IL-6 significantly reduced in T2,while C-Reactive Protein non-significantly reduced. All treated groups showed nearly similar total cholesterol level, T1demonstrate the higher level of High Density Lippoprotein -C level . In the same time all treated groups showed non-significant decrease in Low Density Lippoprotein-C, T2 showed superiority in reducing Very Low DennsityLippoprotein-C and triglyceride level over all other diabetic groups In.conclusion ,diabete agonist (Bromocriptine)+glimepride demonstrate the superiority over the combination therapy glimepride +flouxtein and glimepride as monotherapy in improving diabetes type 2 related cardiovascular complications.
Comparative studies about the characteristics of the acute toxicity of streptomycin and gentamicin and the antagonization effect of calcium to their toxicity were performed in mice. This was made by comparing the time of appearance and disappearance of toxicity symptoms of this aminoglycoside before and after calcium therapy and also by comparing the LD50 value of both agents. It was concluded that streptomycin is less potent but more efficacious as toxic agent than gentamicin and that calcium had a competitive inhibitory effect to the toxicity of aminoglycoside perhaps because of the similarity in their charges and binding sites. Calcium therapy seems to offer quantitatively the same protective level for both agents (nearly one time) but qualitatively better protective level against acute toxicity of streptomycin in mice than for gentamicin.
An interaction toxicity study was performed to evaluate and compare the effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor (captopril) and inducer (spironolactone) on their common substrate (lovastatin) that were done by comparing LD50 of the acute study with their chronic form then with those combined therapeutic doses administered for 90 days. Therefore, isobolographic analysis and chronicity index were used as the parameters for this study. Forty rats were allocated into five groups according to the used treatment into: captopril, spironolactone, lovastatin, captopril + lovastatin and spironolactone + lovastatin using up and down method to determine their acute exposure LD50 while ninety rats were used to perform the chronic stage of the study divided equally into six groups according to daily dosing regimen as following G1- control group administered distilled water orally; G2 administered captopril 0.7 mg/kg BW orally; G3-administered spironolactone 1.4 mg/kg BW orally; G4- administered lovastatin 0.57 mg/kg BW orally; G5-administered spironolactone1.4 mg/kg BW orally and lovastatin 0.57 mg/kg BW, G6- administered captopril 0.7 mg/kg BW and lovastatin 0.57 mg/kg BW orally. The results of isobolographic analysis showed that the sort of interaction between P-gp inhibitor (captopril) and lovastatin alone and as combined administration showed to be antagonistic after acute administration while it was synergistic after chronic administration; for P-gp inducer, spironolactone and lovastatin were additive after acute administration and antagonistic after chronic administration. Chronicity index results showed that both captopril and lovastatin accumulated after administered each alone and showed more accumulation after their combined administration while the chronicity index for P-gp inducer (spironolactone) and lovastatin showed less total concentration in the body burden after their combined administration than alone one. In conclusion, it seems that P-gp inhibitor (captopril) causes accumulation of itself and substrate (lovastatin), while P-gp inducer (spironolactone) causes reduction on the body burden of itself as well as lovastatin possibly due to their effects on the kinetics of the body and this may affect the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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