A new low-molecular mass cysteine molecular mass of approximately 12 kDa and a pi of proteinase inhibitor (CPI) was purified from the 4.8. The amino terminus is blocked. The amino-acid cytosol of peripheral pig leukocytes. The isolation composition and the sequence of the C-terminal part procedure included DEAE chromatography, Seof the molecule are suggestive of a new family of phadex G-100 gel filtration and fast-protein liquid cystatins. The CPI was found to be a tight-binding chromatography on Mono Q. The procedure resulted inhibitor of both papain and cathepsin L, with K\ in the isolation of a homogenous protein with a values of O.lnM and InM, respectively. Ein neuer Typ eines niedermolekularen Cystein-Proteinase-Inhibitors aus SchweineleukozytenZusammenfassung: Ein neuer Cystein-ProteinaseMolmasse von 12 kDa und einem p/von 4.8 isoliert. Inhibitor (CPI) von niedriger Molekularmasse wurde Sein Aminoterminus ist blockiert. Die Aminos ureaus Cytosol von Schweine-Leukozyten isoliert. Das Zusammensetzung und eine partielle Sequenz des Reinigungsverfahren schlie t DEAE-ChromatograCarboxylterminus deuten auf eine neue Familie der phie, Gelfiltration ber Sephadex G-100 und FPLC Cystatine hin. Der CPI ist ein sehr fest bindender an Mono Q ein. Mit der beschriebenen Methode Inhibitor f r Papain (K, = O.lnM) und Cathepsin L wurde ein homogenes Mini-Protein mit einer (K t = InM).

Synovial fluids and sera of patients with inflammatory and metabolic joint diseases contain different cysteine proteinases. The quantities of cathepsins B and H were determined by newly developed specific enzyme-linked immunoassay tests (ELISA), with detection limits of 0.5 μ §/1 for cathepsin Β and 3 μ£/1 for cathepsin H. The values of cathepsin B in normal sera ranged from 0.6 μg/l to 2 μg/l, whereas in sera of patients with joint diseases they ranged from 1.7 μg/l to 18 μg/l. Cathepsin H was not found in sera (values below 3 μg/l), but was measurable in patients' synovial fluids. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have on average the highest values of cathepsin B in synovial fluids, whereas patients with undifferentiated arthritis have the highest values of cathepsin H. The results show that cathepsins Β and Η are present in arthritic synovial fluids, where they may be implicated in destructive processes. There is as yet no clear correlation between the quantity of each cathepsin released in synovia and the clinical diagnosis or the stage of the disease.

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Demand-side flexibility management is a key enabler of the transformation towards the high penetration of renewable energy resources. We present a flexibility-management system called Flex4Grid, which is designed to provide a low-cost solution for residential consumers wishing to participate in power-grid balancing. The Flex4Grid system continuously forecasts the need for flexibility in a power grid and informs consumers about the flexibility-management periods. Consumers can provide their flexibility to an aggregator in exchange for a reward, which depends on the selected incentive scheme. The automation of the flexibility-management events is provided by interfacing with devices and the system via the Z-Wave and open platform communication unified architecture (OPC UA) technologies. The Flex4Grid system has been deployed in three pilots in Slovenia and Germany. A large-scale pilot in Celje, Slovenia, with 1047 participants, was used to collect statistical data regarding how consumers participate in the flexibility-management events. A critical peak-pricing incentive scheme was used in the Celje pilot. The smaller German pilots with a total of 185 participants were used for testing the technical capabilities of the system. User-satisfaction surveys were performed in all three pilots. The results indicate that the proposed approach is appropriate for engaging consumers in flexibility-management events. On average, the pilots' participants reduced their load by 10% during a peak event. The overall scores of the user-satisfaction survey were 3.4 and 3.9 on a 5-point Likert scale for the German and Slovenian pilots, respectively. These are good results for a prototype system; however, improvements to the stability and usability of the system are required.

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