Chitosan is a natural compound obtained from deacetylation of chitin, which is a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from published studies regarding the effects of chitosan on methane emission and rumen fermentation profile of in vitro batch culture experiments. A total of 41 studies from 12 articles were integrated into a database. Parameters included were gas production, methane emission, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed according to mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and chitosan addition levels were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that chitosan addition was able to reduce enteric methane emissions (p<0.001). Such methane decrease was accompanied by a decline in the protozoa population (p<0.05) and a tendency of methanogen reduction (p<0.1). The increasing chitosan level was associated with a decrease in total VFA and ammonia concentrations (both at p<0.001). Chitosan addition decreased acetate proportion (p<0.001) while elevated propionate proportion (p<0.001). Chitosan was associated with an increase of dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.001). Chitosan increased concentrations of C 18:3n3 (p<0.05), conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01) while decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids (p<0.001). It can be concluded that chitosan addition can mitigate enteric methane emission and alters rumen fermentation profiles in a favorable direction.

This study aims to Determine the success rate of the Artificial Insemination in North Kayong Regency of West Kalimantan Province roomates has been done by IB officers. Artificial insemination is the process of introduction or delivery of cement into the genitals of female cows by means of made devices. North Kayong districts Regency is one of the which is administratively established Republic of Indonesia based on Law no. 6 of 2007 is an area that is developing cattle. The location that Became the focus of the evaluation of the success of Artificial Insemination is in three districts of Maya Island district, Sukadana and Seponti. Data used in this research is secondary Data Obtained from inseminator. The parameters used in this evaluation are the Non Return Rate (NRR), Service per Conception (S / C) and Calving Rate (CvR). The results Showed that the average of the three sub-districts in North Kayong district was for the highest 90% NRR in Sukadana district and the Lowest score of 67% in the Mayan Island district. S / C Obtained the highest number of 3.4 in Maya Island district and the Lowest S / C number district of Seponti 1.8. The highest score was 92% CvR in Sukadana district and the cancel CvR score was 64% in the Mayan Island district. The Conclusions Obtained based on the value of NRR, S / C, and CvR on artificial insemination evaluation with the best artificial insemination implementation are Sukadana district, followed by district of Seponti and last is Maya Island district.

No abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect different levels of rice bran with on the quality of Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) silage, know the nutrient content of water hyacinth before and after fermentation and determine the effect of adding a dose of bran with a different level of the quality of water hyacinth silage (pH, moisture content, carbohydrate and nutrient contents). This research was conducted in the Subdistrict Rasau Jaya, District Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. The research design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. There are P0 = Control (0% of rice bran), P1 = 5% of rice bran, P2 = 7.5% of rice bran, P3 = 10% of rice bran, P4 = 12.5% of rice bran. The parameters of this research are crude protein, crude fibre, crude lipid, pH, moisture content and carbohydrate. The results showed that treatment with the addition of rice bran was highly significant on water content, but no significant effect on crude protein, crude lipid, and crude fibre.

ABSTRAK Hijauan merupakan sumber makanan utama bagi ternak ruminansia untuk dapat bertahan hidup, berproduksi serta berkembang biak, oleh karena itu pakan hijauan ternak harus selalu tersedia dan harus selalu diproduksi supaya ternak tidak kekurangan pakan, salah satu hijauan pakan ternak adalah Rumput Gajah Odot (Pennisetum purpureum Cv. Mott). Rumput Gajah Odot merupakan tanaman hijauan pakan ternak yang memegang peranan penting, karena mengandung hampir semua nutrisi yang diperlukan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk kotoran puyuh yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Rumput Gajah Odot. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari tiga sampel tanaman, sehingga terdapat 75 tanaman. Perlakuan dalam penelitian terdiri dari 1) P0: tidak diberi pupuk 2) P1: 5% pupuk kotoran puyuh dari berat tanah setara dengan 500 g/polybag, 3) P2: 10% pupuk kotoran puyuh dari berat tanah setara dengan 1.000 g/polybag, 4) P3: 15% pupuk kotoran puyuh dari berat tanah setara dengan 1.500 g/polybag, 5) P4: 20% pupuk kotoran puyuh dari berat tanah setara dengan 2.000 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kotoran puyuh pada dosis 20% berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 6 MST,  jumlah anakan 2 MST, 5 MSTdan 6 MST serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 1 MST, 2 MST, 3 MST dan 5 MST, jumlah daun 2 MST, 3 MST, 4 MST dan 5 MST, jumlah anakan 3 MST, dan 4 MST. Kesimpulan pemberian pupuk kotoran puyuh dosis 20% setara dengan 2.000 g/polybag dari berat tanah menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil Rumput Gajah Odot yang terbaik. Pemberian kotoran puyuh dosis 5% setara dengan 500 g/polybag dari berat tanah sudah cukup baik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil Rumput Gajah Odot dilihat dari efisiensi biaya dan kebutuhan pupuk kotoran puyuh yang lebih sedikit.