Mass disaster often happened in Indonesia. Sex identification is one of the important things for determining the identity of the victims. Sex can be identified based on the size of the teeth.  The study determine the differences of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus tooth size between male and female student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Jember. The sample of this study consisted of 34 tooth models of female and 6 tooth models of male that measured in mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using Independent T-test. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus size between male and female. Mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar respectively are 10.64 mm, 11.90 mm in males, and 10.16 mm, 11.16 mm in females. The mesiodistal and bucolingual width of mandibular caninus are 7.13 mm, 7.85 mm in males, and 6.66 mm, 7.08 mm in females. It can be concluded that there was a difference in size of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus between male and female. Keywords: sex identification, masiodistal width, bucolingual width, maxillary first molar, mandibular caninus

Efek konsumsi kopi arabika selama masa laktasi pada tikus Wistar terhadap erupsi gigi anak tikus (Choirunnisa, dkk.

Pendahuluan: Laktasi merupakan periode penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Salah satu faktor risiko yang menyebabkan penurunan densitas tulang mandibula adalah konsumsi kopi berlebih selama masa laktasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi kopi Arabika selama masa laktasi terhadap densitas tulang mandibula anak tikus Wistar. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dilakukan terhadap 12 ekor tikus Wistar betina yang sedang menyusui. Penghitungan besar sampel berdasarkan jumlah kelompok penelitian (tiga kelompok), yaitu dengan rumus Arifin, dan didapatkan hasil empat ekor tikus untuk setiap kelompok penelitian, sehingga total jumlah sampel adalah 12 ekor tikus. Tiga kelompok penelitian terdiri dari kelompok kontrol (K) yang diberi akuades, kelompok perlakuan yang diberi kopi dosis normal (P1), dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi kopi dosis berlebih (P2). Akuades dan kopi diberikan selama 21 hari sejak tikus mulai menyusui anaknya. Masing-masing induk tikus diambil satu anaknya untuk di-euthanasia pada hari ke-22. Kemudian dilakukan pengambilan sampel tulang mandibula dan dilakukan pengambilan rontgen foto periapikal. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran densitas tulang mandibula menggunakan densitometer. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan LSD. Hasil: Hasil dari uji one-way ANOVA dari densitas tulang mandibula anak tikus menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p=0,0001) diantara seluruh kelompok penelitian. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,0001) antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok yang diberi kopi dosis normal maupun dengan kelompok kopi dosis berlebih, demikian juga antara kelompok yang diberi dosis normal dengan dosis berlebih. Simpulan: Konsumsi kopi Arabika dalam dosis berlebih selama masa laktasi pada tikus Wistar dapat menurunkan densitas tulang mandibula anak tikus Wistar. Kata kunci: Laktasi, kopi arabika, densitas tulang mandibula. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Lactation is an important period in the growth and development. One of the risk factors that cause a decrease in mandibular bone density is excessive coffee consumption during lactation. This study was aimed to analyse the effect of coffee consumption, especially Arabica coffee, during lactation period on the rats’ mandibular bone density. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study of 12 lactating female Wistar rats. The sample size calculation was based on the number of research groups (three groups), the Arifin formula, and the results were four rats for each research group, so the total number of samples was 12 rats. The three research groups consisted of control group (K) which was given aquadest, treatment group that was given a normal dose of coffee (P1), and a treatment group that was given an excessive dose of coffee (P2). Aquadest and coffee were given for 21 days since the initial lactation period. One offspring of each female rat was taken to be euthanised on the 22nd day. Afterwards, the mandibular bone samples were taken from the young rats, and then the periapical x-rays was performed. Furthermore, the mandibular bone density measurement was carried out using a densitometer. Data was analysed using the one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: The one-way ANOVA test of the mandibular bone density of the rats’ offspring showed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between all study groups. The LSD test results showed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between the control group and the group was given the normal dose of coffee and the group with an excessive dose of coffee and between the group that was given the normal and the excessive dose. Conclusion: Consumption of Arabica coffee in excessive dose during lactation of female Wistar rats can reduce the mandibular bone density of the offspring.Keywords: Lactation, arabica coffee, mandibular bone density.

Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that is often found in root canals of teeth and can survive in them even after treatment. The use of 2.5% NaOCl as a root canal irrigation material has disadvantages; toxic and irritating, so other alternatives are needed. Green okra extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids which have antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the inhibition of green okra extract against E.faecalis. It was doneexperimental laboratory research with a posttest-only control group design. The inhibition test used the disc diffusion method which consisted of 5 research groups,i.e. green okra extract with concentrations of 1.563%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, and 2.5% NaOCl. Data were analyzed using non-pa-rametric statistical testsKruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The average of the inhibition zone diameter of the green okra extract concentrations were 1.563% (0 mm), 3.125% (0 mm), 6.25% (15.9 mm), 12.5% (18.03 mm), and 2.5% NaOCl (24.07 mm). The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05) which meant that there was a difference in the research group, followed by the Mann Whitney test which showed there were significant differences between all research groups except between green okra extract concentrations of 1.563% and 3.125%.  It was concluded that green okra extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of E.faecalis at concentrations of 6.25% and 12.5%.

Chronological and dental age are necessary aspects of dental age estimation. Both have a close relationship. Chronological age reflects the age of the tooth, and vice versa. Dental age estimation aims to provide the data in the field of dentistry with an accurate dental age range. In order to get the value of an accurate estimate of dental age, needed a method of estimation that has a standard deviation as low as possible and validated in a specific population groups of an individual. Demirjian method is a method frequently used in the dental age estimation. It uses the classification stages of the seven permanent teeth of mandibular left side using panoramic radiographs. Application of its method in some countries showed vary results so it needed adjustment. Blenkin standard is an adjustment of its method that changes the score of maturity stages 0-H to 1-8 and calculate the dental age by regression formula. The study aimed to assess the dental age estimation using Blenkin standard on children of Javanese ethnic in Jember region. This was an analytic descriptive study design. The samples were panoramic radiographs. The subjects were 70 samples consisting of 29 boys and 41 girls with an age range 6-12 years, and they were divided into 7 groups based on chronological age. Each tooth of the sample was calculated using Blenkin standard. The Blenkin standard showed non-significant difference with the age difference in the amount of approximately -0.22 years for boys and -0.03 years for girls (underestimation).