Kendala dalam usaha ayam Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) skala kecil/mikro, terutama harga pakan yang mahal, untuk itu diperlukan pakan alternatif yang lebih murah tetapi mempunyai nutrisi yang baik. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan teknologi fermentasi pada bekatul. Metode ini telah didemonstrasikan dalam pendampingan kelompok petani, binaan Yayasan Seraphine di Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta, melalui kandang percontohan/demplot ayam KUB. Pelaksanaan pendampingan dilakukan selama 3 bulan yaitu bulan Mei hingga Juli 2021. Metode pendampingan kelompok meliputi penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan bekatul fermentasi serta bimbingan pemeliharaan ayam dalam kandang percontohan milik yayasan. Dalam kegiatan ini digunakan ayam KUB pullet sebanyak 100 ekor. Pemeliharaan dimulai dari umur 12 minggu hingga awal bertelur. Pada minggu ke 24 ayam mulai bertelur dengan bobot ayam rata-rata 1.420 g. Pada dua minggu pertama, produksi mencapai 12%, dengan berat telur rata-rata mencapai 32 g/butir, konsumsi pakan mencapai 98 g/ekor. Hal ini menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang normal. Selama 14 minggu pemeliharaan menghabiskan pakan 7,84 kg, dan penekanan biaya Rp 10.976/ekor atau Rp 1.400/kg pakan. Dari demplot ini disimpulkan bekatul fermentasi dapat menurunkan biaya pakan tetapi terjadi penundaan bertelur hingga 2 minggu, dengan demikian bekatul fermentas dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk menekan biaya pada budidaya ayam KUB skala kecil.
Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative in quails cause economic loss due to the death, growth rate inhibition, decreased egg production, and increased medical treatment. Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative has many virulence factors, including hemagglutinin and hemolysin. The aim of this study is to determine the role of hemagglutinin and hemolysin in the infection process of Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative in vitro. This study was performed using 23 isolates of Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative from quails, 52.2% (12 of 23 isolates) had hemagglutinin, while 34.8% (8 out of 23 isolates) had hemolysin. Isolates with hemagglutinin were more attached to human buccal epithelial cells than isolates without hemagglutinin (P <0.05). Isolates with hemolysin were less phagocyted by macrophages compared to isolates which without hemolysin (P <0.05). Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative isolates from quails that have hemagglutinin and hemolysin are pathogenic isolates that possess the potential to cause colibasilosis and transmission between quails and other birds.
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