Body temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate are required as the basis for determining the health status of cows. This study aims to measure the respiratory rate, pulse rate and body temperature of healthy beef cattle. A total of 25 mixed-breed beef cattle aged more than 1.5 years were used in this study. All cows were physically examined, their breath, and pulse frequency per minute were calculated, and their body temperature was measured by measuring rectal and vaginal temperature. The results showed that all the cows examined were in good health, characterized by a good appetite, and had normal activities. Cows had a respiratory rate of 20 ‒ 44 times/minute with an average of 32.6 ± 6.8 times/minute, and a pulse frequency of 76 ‒ 96 times/minute with an average of 84.2 ± 5.4 times/minute. Measurement of body temperature of cows per vagina was 37.9 ‒ 39.4 °C with a mean of 38.53 ± 0.42 °C, while per rectal showed 37.7 ‒ 39.2 °C with a mean of 38.49 ± 0.38 °C. The results of temperature measurements using the two methods did not show a significant difference. It was concluded that the respiratory rate of 20 ‒ 44 times/minute, pulse frequency of 76 ‒ 96 times/minute, and body temperature of 37.7 ‒ 39.4°C were the physiological parameters of the healthy mixed-breed cow.

D-galactose is widely used as an inducing reagent for animal models of aging. The aging model by D-galactose induction has similarities with natural old. In this study, we described the effect of D-galactose administration in rats against their body weight. Thirty healthy male rats aged 2 months were divided into 2 groups. Control group was treated with aqua sterile as placebo, while D-galactose group was treated with 3 mg/kg BW of D-Galactose orally every day for 6 weeks. The rats in both groups were measured using digital weigher every week. The data were analyzed descriptively for the average of body weight (g) each week and statistically for the average of weight gain (%) after 6 weeks using t-test. The average of body weight in control group from week-0 until week-6 were 119± 16.24; 144± 20.24; 160± 27.37; 170± 29.08; 179± 32.79; 197± 32.37; and 208± 32.07, while in D-galactose group were 129± 13.92; 151± 15.94; 164± 24.63; 173± 25.37; 182± 27.15; 192± 25.55; and 197± 25.55. Statistical analysis using t-test showed that there was a significant difference of average weight gain in both groups (p<0.05). The average of weight gain in control group and D-galactose group was 75.59%±21.19% and 53.76%±21.79%, respectively. D-galactose could decrease the weight gain in rat model of aging.

Damage due to oxidative stress during semen preservation can cause a decrease in motility, viability, and damage to plasma membranes that can reduce fertility rates. The use of antioxidants in semen preservation is very important to suppress lipid peroxidation so it can maintain the quality of the sperm. This study aimed to determine additional honey to the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage. The semen with superior quality was diluted into four different treatments, lactate ringer egg yolk without honey as control (LREY0), LREY with 0.2% honey (LREY2), LREY with 0.4% honey (LREY4), and LREY with 0.6% honey (LREY6). Semen was stored at 5°C for 48 hours. The evaluation of semen quality includes an examination of spermatozoa motility using a microscope, the viability with the eosin-negrosin staining method, and membrane integrity using the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) at the fresh semen, 5 th , 24 th , and 48 th hours post-cold storage. The results revealed that in the 5 th hour, percentage of motility, viability, and membrane integrity were not significantly different. However, at the 24 th and 48 th -hour results revealed significant differences by adding honey (P < 0,05). The 0.4% honey supplementation was the best to maintain KUB rooster quality until the 48 th hour with motility of up to 41.50±1.19%, the viability of up to 59.75±0.63%, and membrane integrity of up to 66.50±1.32%. It can be concluded from the current study that adding 0.4% honey can preserve the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage.