The Small and Medium Enterprises in economics are able to develop by Information Communication Technology (ICT) adoption. The adoption is determined by many factors, one of them is demographic. This research purpose is to examine the demographic factor differences (age, gender and education level) in ICT (computer and internet) adoption, skill and use among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) managers at Province Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research sample is the SMEs that guidance by Tenaga Penyuluh Lapangan (TPL) Badan Diklat Industri Region IV Yogyakarta as 196 SMEs managers. The analysis is using Manova Test to find out the age and education level meanwhile the gender variable is investigated by Independent Sample TTest. The research evidence found that there is difference of ICT adoption, skill and use based on age and education level. Meantime there is no difference according to the respondent gender.

The expansion of digital technology presents both obstacles and opportunities, particularly for young people. Consequently, educational institutions have been developing digital literacy curriculums. Since digital literacy is not yet included in the national curriculum as a compulsory subject, private schools have constructed digital literacy programmes based on local resources. This study investigates how digital literacy practices are carried out in selected private elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, based on ICT learning, an information and media literacy approach, educators' role, and learning points. The data were collected in interviews with: (1) principals, (2) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) teachers, (3) librarians and (4) classroom teachers because, according to previous research, they are the main actors of digital literacy in school. The structured interviews use research instruments derived from two earlier studies and are tailored to the study's needs. This study demonstrates that (a) the digital literacy approach is implemented mainly through an ICT learning and media literacy approach while the information literacy approach is undermined; and (b) principals, classroom teachers, and ICT teachers are the three actors who play the most important roles in digital literacy, while librarians play a minor one. The majority of digital literacy training takes place in computer laboratories, while training in classrooms and libraries is less frequent. The study recommends the school blend ICT learning, information literacy, and media literacy pedagogy more comprehensively, with the library serving as the primary locus. In parallel, school principals should encourage school librarians to collaborate with the computer and class teachers to enhance the inclusive digital literacy curriculum.

ABSTRAKKonten digital pada masa ini dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh beragam kalangan. Walau begitu, masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam penggunaan internet di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Hal itulah yang melatarbelakangi upaya berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi digital masyarat Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk memetakan gerakan literasi digital yang dilakukan di lingkup Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengambilan data wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku kegiatan dengan menggunakan instrumen dari Jaringan Pegiat Literasi Digital. Sejumlah lima belas kegiatan literasi digital di lingkup UNY dianalisis dan digolongkan kedalam enam pendekatan literasi media berdasarkan hasil indeks latar belakang, metode, dan praktek dari kegiatan tersebut. Dari hasil analisis, sejumlah satu kegiatan literasi tergolong dalam pendekatan Protectionism, empat kegiatan literasi tergolong dalam pendekatan Active Audience, tujuh kegiatan literasi tergolong dalam pendekatan Critical Analytical, satu kegiatan literasi tergolong dalam pendekatan Creative Media, dan dua kegiatan literasi lainnya tergolong dalam pendekatan gabungan. Satu kegiatan mengadopsi gabungan pendekatan Media Creative dan pendekatan Media Fun, sedangkan kegiatan lainnya mengadopsi gabungan antara pendekatan Critical Analytical dan Media Fun. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu pihak-pihak penyelenggara yang berkecimpung dalam dunia Ilmu Komunikasi cenderung lebih mengenal beragam variasi pendekatan. Sehingga, dalam program literasi digital yang diusungnya, pendekatan yang dibawa disesuaikan dengan target yang akan dituju.ABSTRACTIn the age of digital world, anybody can easily access the digital content. However, there is still a gap within the internet usage amongst Indonesian people. This is exactly the reason behind the efforts of various communities in order to improve digital capabilities of Indonesian society.This research tried to map various digital literacy movement in Yogyakarta State University (YSU). The method used is descriptive-qualitative with in-depth interviews by using instruments from Jaringan Pegiat Literasi Digital. With a total of fifteen digital literacy activities in YSU are analyzed and classified into six media literacy approaches based on the index results of the background, methods, and practices of those activities.According to the analysis, a number of digital literacy activities belong to the Protectionism Approach, four belong to the Active Audience Approach, seven are categorized in the Critical Analytical Approach, one belong to the Creative Media Approach, and the rest of other two digital literacy activities are belong to mixed approaches. One digital literacy activity adopted an mixed approaches between Creative Media Approach and Media Fun Approach, while the other one adopted a combination of Critical Analytical Approach and Media Fun Approach.The results of this research showed that people who learned Communication Studies are tend to be more familiar with variety of approaches compared with those who are not major in Communication Studies. Thus, in their digital literacy movement programs, they knew which approaches that suitable for the target group they addressed to.

After the long period of the cinema industry decline, the number of audience who visit cinema increases significantly. However

Nowadays, films can not only be watched in conventional media such as cinema, screening and television but also digital media such as streaming, download and shared archives. This study aims to determine the pattern of audience fragmentation, especially in the cinephile segments. The research employs an explorative qualitative method. The data collection methods include diaries and interviews. Informants were determined using a purposive sampling technique which includes visitors of the movie screened by the Jogja Movie Night, DIY Watching Club, and Cultural Department in July 2018. The results of this study show that, first, conventional media such as cinema and screening are still considered important because they provide a tasting guide, a space for social interaction and technical facilities. Second, attention is managed differently when dealing with conventional and new media. The focus of watching a movie can be created in different ways tailored to the viewing space. Third, film content is used as inspiration to produce films as hobbies and learning space. Also, it can be diverted in other forms such as short stories, performance scripts. Although being exposed to unlimited choices, film viewers only access the relative channels for a certain period. They need public space to interact with film fans, educate their appetite and watch satisfaction. Digital media is used to facilitate the autonomy of choosing and treating films based on their needs and desires. Keywords: Film audience fragmentation, audience interests, consumption pattern, new media, cinephelia.