In this article I argue that male academics under civil servant system in a religious university still dominate the highest academic positions. This study applies logistic regression (binary and ordinal regression) since the available data, especially for dependent variable, is categorical and it does not fulfil the assumption of ordinary least square. By applying ordinal regression, gender is found to be undetected compared to other variables (age, length of tenure, and educational qualifications). Nevertheless, a statistical analysis utilising binary regression indicates that gender is a significant factor along with length of tenure and educational qualifications. The data obtained from the religious university is made up of the curriculum vitae of 749 academics in 2012 who are nearly all civil servants at the university.

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Indonesian Islam has its own unique characteristics as it is inseparable from local traditions and has been connected to the role of Indonesian Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. This study observes the religiosity among Indonesian Muslims in Australia, especially in Sydney and Canberra in 2018. By conducting an online survey with 108 respondents, the study found that beside mandatory religiosity, Indonesian Muslims still very often perform nahdliyin-related religious activities such as celebrating halal bi halal, performing selamatan, requesting dua from ustadz, performing tahlilan and commemorating maulid an-Nabi. However, they prefer to pray teraweh with 11 rakaats and only very few respondents chose often and very often for teraweh with 23 rakaats. While most respondents felt being part of Nahdlatul Ulama, very few of them were an active member and a board member in Nahdlatul Ulama or Muhammadiyah. This is very interesting given the current rise of Islamism among Indonesian Muslims in Indonesia and overseas, as well as efforts made by some Indonesian Islamic organizations to spread moderate Islam throughout Western countries.

The involvement of women in jihad has increased significantly in many countries including Indonesia. This changes the image that women are underrepresented in relation to acts of jihad and terrorism. Drawing from in depth-interviews with six wives of disengaged terrorists in 2016, the current article aims to explain their marriage and support in jihad.  Applying religious radicalisation frameworks ranging from pre-radicalisation to jihadisation, the participants have not achieved the final step. They mostly believe in allowing jihad in conflict-ridden countries, but not in Indonesia. Marriage and family are very important to introduce the ideology of allowing violence in conflict-ridden areas. Their husband’s affiliation to a radical group has the potential to support the wives to strengthen their network within the terrorist circle.  However, in general, the participants were not intensively engaging in religious studies (pengajian), were limited from connecting with their past friends after their husbands were sentenced. They disagreed with their husband’s dream and actions. Therefore, the potential network for continuing radicalisation will not develop very significantly.

This article aims to explain how and to what extent habitus and agency affect female students' political participation. Habitus, as one of the concepts of Bourdieu, emphasizes the existence of disposition, in which actions are done without prior consideration and deliberation, and encourages people to repeteadly do similar acts simply because they are common practices in society. In contrast, agency emphasizes the ability of reflexivity and conscious thought. Applying in-depth interviews with 10 female activist and non-activist students at an Islamic university in Indonesia, the study found that the habitus in their families and neighborhoods prevented female students from obtaining equal positions to male students. Eventhough, as members of the student community, they conducted the reflexivity process, and thus had agency to act freely. This reflexivity, however, has not managed to achieve a complete patriarchal cultural change. Habitus, Agency dan Keterlibatan Mahasiswa Perempuan dalam Politik Kampus: SebuahStudi pada Universitas Islam di Indonesia AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana dan seberapa jauh habitus dan agency mempengaruhi partisipasi politik mahasiswa perempuan. Habitus sebagai salah satu konsep dari Bourdieu lebih menekankan keberadaan disposisi sehingga suatu tindakan dilakukan tanpa pertimbangan lebih jauh dan mendorong manusia untuk melakukan kembali tindakan yang sudah menjadi praktik-praktik yang lazim dalam masyarakat. Sebaliknya aspek agency menekankan pada kemampuan refleksifitas, yakni pemikiran yang bersifat refleksif dan dilakukan dengan sadar. Melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 orang mahasiswa aktifis dan non-aktifis di kampus salah satu universitas Islam di Indonesia, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa habitus dalam keluarga dan lingkungan mereka tidak memberikan kebebasan bagi perempuan untuk mendapatkan posisi yang setara dengan mahasiswa laki-laki. Akan tetapi dengan menjadi bagian dari komunitas mahasiswa mereka melakukan proses refleksifitas sehingga aspek keagenan untuk bertindak secara bebas juga mempengaruhi tindakan mereka. Namun demikian, refleksifitas yang mereka lakukan belum mencapai suatu kondisi terjadinya perubahan budaya patriarki secara sempurna.