Acute otitis media-infection or inflammation? The answer to this philosophical question has real practical consequences. Initially, otitis can be an infection followed by an organism's reaction in the form of inflammation. Or it is primarily inflammation, which is associated with a bacterial pathogen or proceed without the addition of a pathogen. In the case of "otitis-infection", further therapeutic tactic is clearan antibiotic is needed. In the case of "otitis-inflammation" there are three possible scenarios of the subsequent development of process-self-healing, attachment of bacterial infection or gradual transition to otitis media with effusion. In clinical practice, it is important to distinguish between these scenarios in order to choose the right treatment strategy.

Midline nasal congenital masses are a rare congenital anomaly. Most often such defects include: vascular tumors, benign and malignant tumors and inflammatory lesions, however the most common are: gliomas, dermoid cysts and hemangiomas. Dermoid cysts (or dermoids) are a benign tumor belongs to choristom group (teratoma). Nasal dermoid cysts (NDCs) are the most common congenital defect of the nasal midline. The diagnosis is usually established at an early age - mainly by the age of 3. Due to late diagnosis and/or delay surgical treatment, facial deformities, recurrent infections (festering of cysts or subcutaneous infections), nasal blockage or intracranial complications may occur. This paper presents a clinical case of a 7-year old boy with a nasal dermoid cyst, successfully treated surgically with open rhinoplasty and follow-up period of 2 year.

Pfeiffer syndrome is a severe autosomal dominant condition that affects many systems of the human body. It is caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptors of the fibroblast growth factor genes. The phenotype of patients with Pfeiffer syndrome includes multiple limb and cranial abnormalities, and mental retardation. The infant reported here also had cloverleaf-shaped skull, broad thumbs and big toes, bilateral syndactyly, and hypertelorism. The patient was hospitalised in the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital with multiple congenital malformations and severe neurological status. Acrocephaly, cloverleaf-shaped skull and severe concomitant neurological complications suggested Pfeiffer syndrome, which was later confirmed.

The number of congenital malformations, which are the main cause of early childhood mortality and disability has grown significantly over the past ten years. Congenital anomalies resulting in serious disorders often accompany pathology of the brain. The results of clinical observation of the patient with significant malformation of the central nervous system -Dandy-Walker syndrome, have been presented in this paper. Dandy-Walker syndrome occurs in one out of every 25,000 live births but is still not fully understood.