The authors cited the results of comprehensive experiments on the application of innovative environmentally acceptable growth regulators on industrial crops: potatoes and soybeans. The experiments were conducted in 2019-2021 in the soil and climatic zone of the drained forest-steppe in the conditions of chernozem on potato varieties, Lyubava (early) and Tuleevsky (medium maturing), and soybean on grain Zolotistaya (early maturing). These experimental fields belong to the Educational and Experimental Farm “Praktik” of Novosibirsk Region and the Closed Joint-Stock Company Livestock Breeding Farming “Irmen” of Novosibirsk Region. The maximum photosynthetic performance of Novosil and Ecofus applied to potatoes and soybeans is up to 19 % compared to control. The authors of the study treated crops before sowing as well as on the shoots before the beginning of the phase of budding. The yield against the growth regulators used increased significantly by 21-24 % when Novosil and Ecofus were applied during seed treatment and when spraying vegetative plants before the phase of budding. It was statistically established that the potato yield depended on variety by 30 %, on growth regulators by 33, and on conditions of the year by 23 %.
The work aims to study the effectiveness of herbicides application on potato varieties of different ripeness groups in the conditions northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The authors obtained experimental data on leached chernozem in Novosibirsk district, Novosibirsk region, in 2017-2019. In their studies, the authors used common elements of potato cultivation tech- nology. The general background for potatoes in autumn fertiliser was applied at a dose of P60K90. Nitrogen fertilisers were used at a rate of 60 kg/ha in spring under pre-sowing cultivation. Herbicides Gezagard, Lazurit, Zenkor, Boxer, and mixtures of individual herbicides were applied before and after sprouting when potato plants were up to 12-14 cm high. Herbicides significantly reduced the infestation of potato varieties Lubava (early) and Tuleevsky (medium-season). The authors showed that the use of herbicides accelerated the processes of growth and development of potato varieties of two groups of ripeness. There was a significant increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential, and 23-28% plant productivity. On a background of herbicides increase of yield by 30-35% is observed. There was an increase in the marketability of tubers by 10%. Used herbicides provided good quality and preservation of potato production. The authors note that the double application of herbicides Zenkor and Lazurit offers high rates of weed reduction. Thus yield and quality of presentation have high indicators. In tubers of potatoes, the residual quantity of herbicides is not detected. Application of herbicides economically and energetically practical. The level of profitability exceeds control 1,4 times on a background of double spraying by herbicides Zenkor and Lazurit.
The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of trace elements on potato varieties of different ripeness groups in the northern forest-steppe Ob in the Novosibirsk region. Experimental data were obtained on leached black soil of Novosibirsk region in 2017–2019. The generally accepted technology of potato cultivation was used for the experiments. Since autumn, fertilizers at a dose of P90K90 were applied as a general background for potatoes. Nitrogen fertilizers (60 kg / ha) were applied in the spring for pre-sowing cultivation. Foliar dressing with microelements (Cu, B, Zn) was used at the beginning of the budding phase of potato plants: copper – 20, boron – 45, zinc – 50 g of active ingredient per 1 ha with a working fluid consumption of 300 l/ha. Trace elements increased the growth and development rates of potato varieties of three groups of ripeness. In varieties Liubava (early), Svitanok Kievsky (mid-early), Tuleevsky (mid-season), the use of trace elements contributed to an increase in the development indicators of the photosynthetic apparatus (maximum and average leaf area and plant productivity) by an average of 21%, especially against the background of boron and zinc. Foliar dressing of potatoes increased the yield parameters by an average of 24 % relative to the control (water). The increase in the marketability of tubers reached 12 %. A greater effect was achieved against the background of boron use: a significant increase in yield, dry matter, starch, vitamin C. In variants with microelements, the susceptibility of potatoes by rhizoctonysis decreased.
The results of comprehensive research in 2017–2020 on the effectiveness of improving the health of new zoned and promising potato varieties of three groups of ripeness in the conditions of leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region are presented. The energy-saving, environmentally friendly technology of accelerated potato seed production was used. It is shown that the recovery from viruses of the planting material provides an increase in the yield of different potato varieties up to 42% relative to the unhealthy background. The high efficiency of accelerated propagation of planting material with the use of modern aeroponic plants in comparison with hydroponic plants, and growing in a greenhouse and open ground, is established. The developed technology makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency coefficient by 40 % and the level of profitability by 32 %.
At present, it is of particular importance to further increase the yield and quality of grain crops under experimental conditions in Western Siberia. Of special meaning is finding new effective growth regulators and bio-fertilizers that promote ecological plasticity, resistance to environmental stressors and pests. The work aims to study the influence of the new biofertilizer Huminatrin on growth and development features, yield and quality of grain crops under conditions of increasing crop productivity in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobye region. Experimental field was on the fields of JSC “Irmen” livestock breeding farm in Ordynsky district of Novosibirsk region. The authors determined that Huminatrin (a mixture of micronutrients and bacteria) provides an increase in leaf surface parameters in two varieties of wheat by 23% and in spring barley by 34%. The authors treated soil with Huminatrin before sowing in a dose of 2 l/t at operating-liquid flow rate of 10 l/t and during the growing season in the phases of tillering and earing in a dose of 1.5 l/ha (300 l/ha). It was shown that both wheat varieties and spring barley variety “Biom” significantly increased the yield on the background of Huminatrin. On average, the yield increased by 22%. When using Huminatrin, the authors observed an increase in the number of productive stems (up to 408 mg/m2), the number of grains in the ear (up to 32 pcs), weight of 1000 grains (up to 40.86 g). There was also an increase in gluten content - up to 34%; gluten deformation index was about 96. In addition, the authors note the reduction of plant infestation by brown rust to 28% against 47% in the control (water). Indicators such as weight of 1000 grains, weight of grains per plant, the number of grains in the ear form the quality of the crop. Application of Huminatrin allows to achieve high yield quality of two varieties: spring soft wheat and spring barley
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