When creating the software package a modular structure was applied that favorably affected the tasks being solved and corresponded to the conception of search for archaeological objects in aerospace images.

%), и не-большая часть выделенных территорий (7,2 %) включает интразональные типы расти-тельности -водно-болотную (3,6 %) и пойменно-луговую (3,6 %). Среди выявленных 55 ключевых ботанических территорий шесть являются памятни-ками природы: один -гидрологический, пять -ботанических. На выделенных территориях обнаружено 71 новое местонахождение 15-ти видов сосудистых растений, внесённых в Красную книгу Орловской области (2007). КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА:Орловская область, ГИС MapInfo, ключевые ботанические территории, памятники природы, редкие растения ВВЕДЕНИЕ В связи с необходимостью оптимизации обработки и анализа накопленных массивов пространственно организованной информации в различных областях биологии и экологии всё чаще используются ГИС-технологии [Fedra, 1994;Menon, Bawa, 1997;Johnston, 1998; Atlas...,2010; Пригоряну, 2005; Серѐгин, 2012

Today, the leading factors of deterioration of woody plants in natural and artificial ecosystems are pests and pathogens. Monitoring and control of populations of known pest species and pathogens is an urgent task of modern ornamental plant raising. The purpose of the work was to characterize the state of Aesculus hippocastanum L. plantings at the objects of landscape architecture of the city of Orel for damage by the chestnut miner Cameraria ohridella Deshka et Dimic. Plantings of A. hippocastanum L. were examined at four landscaping sites of the Sovetsky district of the city of Orel. The plantings were assessed visually, according to the condition of the crown and the damage to the leaves of the horse chestnut with a periodicity of 17 days. As a result of the study, it was shown that most of the damaged woody plants were found in the City Park of Culture and Recreation, to a lesser extent - on Victory Boulevard, where preventive stem injections were carried out. As the main measures to combat the chestnut mining moth in urban conditions, systematic pruning of species, stem injections, replacement of species with resistant species and varieties are recommended: A. carnea, A. glabra, A. indica.

In the study natural plant communities appearing at the first stages of vegetation recovery in open cuts are described. Sixty-three species of higher vascular plants were found, six of which are adventive (Bunias orientalis L., Cichorium intybus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Melilotus albus Medik., Sedum spurium M.Bieb., Solidago canadensis L.). Species from the Asteraceae (15), Gramíneae (8), Fabáceae (7) families prevail. The predominant life form according to I. Serebryakov are long-rhizome. According to G. Zozulin’s classification, plants belonging to the meadow and birch formations are most common. The associations of Calamagrostis epigejos and Bromus inermis predominate. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Heracleum sibiricum L., Campanula glomerata L. are single.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the influence of European bison (Bison bonasus) on flora and vegetation change in Krasnikovsky forestry of “Orlovskoe Polesie” national park. In August-September of 2019, floristic and geobotanical studies of flora and vegetation were carried out at self-feeding stations, in the locations of salt licks, as well as in the bisons’ passage points in Krasnikovsky forestry of “Orlovskoe Polesie” national park. There were identified 142 species of vascular plants of 9 phytocenotic formations according to G. Zozulin’s classification: nemoral, birch forest, helobious grass, alder, boreal-willow, boreal forest, pine forest, meadow and anthropogenic. The number of phytocenotic groups and the percentage of species in each of them varied. A direct relationship was established between the time of self-feeding stations formation and the participation of non-forest species in the corresponding phytocenoses: the earlier self-feeding station was formed, the higher the participation percentage in the coen of non-forest species. When assessing geobotanical descriptions according to the Ramensky’s pasture digression ecological scale it was revealed that the greatest digression degree is observed in the locations of self-feeding stations: from a moderate influence of grazing (semi-pasture stage, 5 points) to a weak influence of grazing (hay stage, 4.5 points). In places adjacent to feeding self-feeding stations, or bisons’ passages, a weak influence of grazing was noted, a haying stage (3.7-4.0 points). In the places solonetzic soil locations, the influence of grazing does not affect (2 points) or there is a weak influence of grazing, haying stage (3-4 points).