ResumoA oxitetraciclina (OTC) é um dos antibióticos mais utilizados para o tratamento de bacterioses de peixes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a toxicidade aguda e o risco ambiental e seus efeitos em leucócitos de mato grosso. Os peixes foram expostos a 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 mg L -1 da OTC e um grupo utilizado como controle. Os testes foram conduzidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e ao final do experimento, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para contagem dos leucócitos. Para a classificação do risco ambiental foi utilizada a CL 50 e a concentração ambiental estimada (CAE) do antibiótico. A concentração letal 50% (CL(I) 50 ;96h) estimada da OTC foi 5,49 mg L -1 com limite inferior de 5,08 mg L -1 e superior de 5,95 mg L -1 . A OTC causa moderado risco de intoxicação ambiental com a menor CAE e alto risco de intoxicação ambiental com a maior CAE. Não ocorreu diferença significativa na porcentagem de eosinófilos, célula granulocítica especial e basófilos, porém ocorreu linfocitopenia e monocitose em 4 mg L -1 . Assim, a OTC é moderadamente tóxica e causa risco de intoxicação ambiental para o mato grosso e pode causar estresse em 4,0 e imunossupressão em 6,0 mg L -1 .Palavras-chaves: Peixe, Antibiótico, Concentração letal, Hematologia. Toxicity and environmental risk of oxytetracycline and effect in leukocytes of mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques) AbstractThe oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of antibiotic more used to control bacterial diseases on fishes. The objectives were to evaluate the toxicity of OTC and the environmental risk and its effects in leukocytes of Mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques). The fishes used in the experiment had average weight 0.22 ± 0.2 g and they were acclimated for ten days in bioassay room and were exposed at 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0 mg L -1 of OTC and one treatment control. The tests were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and in the end, samples of blood were collected for leukocytes counting. For the classification of the environmental risk was utilized the LC 50 and the estimated environmental concentration (CAE) of the antibiotic. The lethal concentration 50% (LC(I) 50 ;96h) estimated of the OTC was 5.49 mg L -1 with lower limit 5.08 mg L -1 and upper limit 5.95 mg L -1 . The OTC cause moderately intoxication environmental risk with the small CAE and high intoxication environmental risk with the higher CAE. There were not differences (p>0.01) in percentages of eosinophils, granulocytic cells and basophils but occurred lymphopenia and monocytosis in 4.0 mg L -1 . The OTC is moderately toxic and cause intoxication environmental risk for Mato grosso fish and caused stress in 4.0 and immune suppressor at 6.0 mg L -1
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