Brazil. Conception, design and responsible for the surgical procedures. lll MD, Graduate Student, UFTM, Uberaba-MG, Brazil. Involved in the design, collect of data and helped to draft the manuscript. ABsTRACTPuRPOsE: To evaluate the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis among pediatric patients with inguinoscrotal affections. METHOds:Between January 2005 and January 2010, we evaluated, prospectively 1504 children ranging from 1 to 15 years with inguinoscrotal affections with a high-frequency ultrasound system, which employs a 10-MHz transducer. REsuLTs: Testicular microlithiasis was identified in 20 testes of eleven children (0.71% of 1504 patients evaluated), through an ultrasound scan. Testicular microlithiasis was found in 5 children with cryptorchidism (3.93% of 127 patients), 4 children with retractile testes (14.8% of 27 patients), 1 child with a hypotrophic testis (100% of 1 patient), and 1 child with inguinal hernia (0.07% of 1349 patients). The children with testicular microlithiasis were submitted to annual physical examinations and ultrasound evaluations.CONCLusIONs: Testicular microlithiasis was a rare condition and occurred in 0.7% of the subjects studied. The association with cryptorchidism, retractile and hypotrophic testis was significant.

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