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Two field experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, to estimate the effect of four planting methods (PM) i.e. traditional method and three treatments as a new technique on growth, yield, and its attributes and some water relations as well as the net return of wheat crop. The study consisted of the following treatments; planting methods: i) flat planting (M1), ii) raised bed furrows 80 cm (M2) with three rows of plants, 15 cm apart and 10 cm between hills, iii) narrow beds (M3) (raised bed furrows 100 cm) with four rows of plants, 15 cm apart and 10 cm between hills, iv) medium beds (M4) (raised bed furrows 120 cm) with five rows of plants, 15 cm apart and 10 cm between hills (wide beds).The results showed that the highest values of plant height, grain weight/spike, number of spikes/m 2 , 1000-grains weight, and grain and straw yield kg ha -1 recorded in treatment M3 and the lowest values were recorded in M1. Compared with treatment M1, There was a significant increase of grain yield by 11.77, 13.77, and 9.88% and straw yield by 4.45, 7.79, and 6.68% for treatments M2, M3, and M4, respectively, also, water saving for M2, M3 and M4 were 17.18, 21.53, and 23.19% respectively. The highest values of water productivity were recorded in M3 (1.53 kg m -3 ), while the lowest (1.06 kg m -3 ) was recordrd in M1. M3 had the highest values of the total return and net return.

Two field trials were carried out through 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate irrigation systems outcome and potassium fertilization rates on water efficiencies, productivity, water-saving and financial return for potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv."Sponta''. Eight transactions, two of the irrigation systems (surface irrigation & gated pipes technique), and three different rates of potassium fertilization (48, 96, and 144 kg K2O fad -1 .) beside without adding potassium fertilizer were set in a split-plot design. Results indicated that sowing potato and irrigating it by the gated pipes irrigation system and using 96 kg K2O of the potassium fertilization leads to an increase in productivity by 27.85 %, more water-saving about 25.33 % per year, recorded the maximum productivity of irrigation water and water productivity (6.76 and 10.01 kg m -3 , respectively), and also the topmost values of income, production, and the net return of irrigation water. Therefore, the economics of irrigation water turns out to be very essential for implementing irrigation management projects where farmers' over-irrigation traditions generally lead to low irrigation efficiency, waterlogging, and water losses. Therefore, the study recommends using the gated pipes technique with 96 kg K2O fad -1 under El Minia governorate circumstances and other corresponding conditions.