RESUMENEl conocimiento de la implicación del sistema adrenérgico en la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardiaca (ICC) ha justificado una intensa investigación sobre el papel de los betabloqueadores en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Recientemente se han publicado varios ensayos clínicos de gran calidad que demuestran claramente que el tratamiento de la ICC sistólica con betabloqueadores disminuye la mortalidad en un 35%, la frecuencia de hospitalización y mejora la función ventricular. Sin embargo, existen muchas reticencias para su uso debido a que pueden empeorar el cuadro en algunos pacientes, sobre todo al principio del tratamiento. Esto puede evitarse con un cuidadoso comienzo y un progresivo ajuste de dosis. Todavía quedan cuestiones por responder como la elección del betabloqueador, el efecto del tratamiento en la progresión de la enfermedad y su utilidad en pacientes muy graves o muy ancianos PALABRAS CLAVE: Insuficiencia cadíaca. Betabloqueadores. Tratamiento farmacológico. ABSTRACTThe rationale for betablocker use in heart failure, based on neurohormonal physiology, has been established over the past 20 years. Recent trials have shown the unequivocal benefits of betablockers in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. The benefits include improve survival (35%) reduced need for hospitalization and improve of left ventricular function. However, betablockers may also make a patient with heart failure worse, especially when treatment begins and there is reluctance to use betablockade therapy. Complications can generally be avoided by starting with extremely low doses and increasing the dose very slowly. Despite this, further questions remain regarding the use of these agents in cardiac failure, including the role in the progresión of the disease, the selection of individual betablocker, and the use in very severe disease or very old patients.
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