The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. Cultivation was carried out in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 18 ± 1°C under the conditions of a sixteen-hour photoperiod. To study the growth characteristics of the root system of seedlings, the length of the main root and the length of the adventitious roots of the upper and lower tiers were measured; thus, the growth rate of the root system was determined. The cultivars, the seedlings of which are characterized by the longest root system, have been identified – Luch 25, Saratovskaya 59 and Saratovskaya zolotistaya. The varietal characteristics of the growth of the main embryonic root were revealed, the growth rate of which significantly varies among the objects of study. The length of the adventitious roots of the lower layer in plants of the studied varieties ranged from 208 mm (Elizavetinskaya) to 278 mm (Saratovskaya 57 and Annushka); the upper layer – from 105 mm (Nikolasha) to 216 mm (Luch 25). The root-to-shoot ratio was calculated. In 5-day-old seedlings of the studied varieties, this varies from 0,92 to 1,89 rel. units; the degree of variation of the trait is average. In 12-day-old seedlings, the root supply index decreases, amounting to 0,42–1,29 relative units; the degree of variation of the trait is significant (with the exception of variety Luch 25).

No abstract

Объектом исследования являются растения мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. Для изучения роли узлов в системе донорно-акцепторных связей были затенены узлы верхних вегетативных метамеров главного побега. Затенение проводилось до начала массового цветения и в период активного цветения растений. Проведен морфометрический анализ зародыша зерновки пшеницы опытных и контрольных растений. Установлено, что затенение верхних узлов побега до начала цветения растений отражается на формировании структур зародыша, а именно на длине первого и второго зародышевых листьев: их длина на 8-9 % меньше, чем у контрольных растений. При затенении узлов побега пшеницы в период активного цветения растений различия контрольных и опытных данных статистически не достоверны. Проведенное исследование показало, что затенение узлов не оказывает влияния на выраженность каждого из листьев относительно общей суммарной длины листьев зародыша: длина первого листа контрольных и опытных растений составляет 65 − 66%, второго -22 − 23%, третьего − 12% от суммарной длины всех зародышевых листьев. Ключевые слова: стеблевой узел, донорно-акцепторные отношения, мягкая пшеница, зародыш зерновки.Между фотосинтетической активностью тканей и продуктивностью растения существует сложная система прямых и обратных связей,

No abstract

Arylidenisoxazolones have been known since the second half of the 20th century and still retain their relevance as biologically active compounds and the basis for further transformations. Biological testing of synthetic heterocyclic compounds – 4-arylidene-3-methylisoxazol-5-ones, which differ in nature, position and number of substituents in the aryl fragment, was carried out: 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one, 4- (4-chlorobenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one, 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)- 3-methylisoxazol-5-one, 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one. The compounds were obtained at the Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry of the Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky in order to identify the relationship between structure and biological action. The paper presents the characteristics of the tested compounds and a modified method for the synthesis of arylidenisoxazolones. Seedlings of spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Saratovskaya 36 served as test objects. To assess the physiological activity of the tested compounds, we used the seed germination index, analysis of the morphometric data of the seedling, the root-to-shoot ratio and the root index. The inhibitory effect of some compounds on seed germination has been established. The most pronounced effect was manifested during seed germination in a solution of 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one at a concentration of 10-7M. No significant effect of isoxazolone derivatives on the growth of the first leaf of the test object was found. All tested 4-arylidene-3-methylisoxazol- 5-ones had a stimulating effect on the growth of the root system in length. The direct nature of the dependence of this effect on the concentration of a solution of 4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one and 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one was determined. A positive effect of the tested compounds on the root-to-shoot ratio of seedlings was revealed (with the exception of 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)- 3-methylisoxazol-5-one). The root index of seedlings was determined and it was found that the presence of methoxyl groups has an inhibitory effect on the value of this indicator. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one and 4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5-one are promising compounds for further research.