The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of race and sixth-grade alcohol use onset status (yes vs. no) on 8th grade intensity of alcohol use, number of post-high school drinking days, number of drinks per post-high school drinking day, and the development of lifetime alcohol-related problems in a sample of African American and White non-Hispanic males. MANOVA results indicated that African Americans had lower levels of alcohol use in both adolescence and young adulthood, and developed fewer alcohol-related problems. Furthermore, onset of alcohol use before sixth grade appeared to have a stronger effect among African Americans than among their White non-Hispanic peers on 8th grade intensity of alcohol use, the number of drinks consumed per drinking day in young adulthood, and the development of alcohol-related problems in young adulthood.

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It is imperative for the social work profession that the on-going schism between researchers and practitioners commented on in the literature for the past 40 years be effectively addressed. Doctoral programs are in a unique position to affect the production of research focusing on intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine if social work doctoral programs are currently successful in encouraging their doctoral candidates to engage in intervention research. A content analysis was conducted on 252 dissertation abstracts produced by social work doctoral students in 2006. Only 13.49% of the abstracts indicated a focus on social work intervention. The researchers argue that this finding indicates a need for a paradigm shift in social work education and practice.

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