Absnacr-This paper assCsses the impact of integrating voice and data over circuit switched networks. T h r e main types of circuit switching are considered: 1) traditioqal ciicuit switching, .2)< fast circuit switchingemploying advanced switching speeds, and 3) enhanced bircuit switchingemploying time assigned speech interpolation (TASI) ,and adaptive ddta multiplexing (ADM) techniques. The circuit switching networks are evaluated in terms of two main network performance paramete&: trans: mission efficiency and delay. In addition, an evaluation is made of such things as protocol and error controj, precedence and preemption, routing and flow control, synchronization, voice continuity, probability of error or loss, and classmarking flexibility. Que of the main conclusions of this paper is that circuit switching technologies have several deficiencies associated with providing integrated voice/data service and that the future lies in the effective use of packet and hybrid (circuit/packet) switching technologies.

An easy generalization of the above theorem is the following.AppZication. If k l = ( N + 1/2) and if 42 > 41 then 42 -I f q l > q 2 t h e n q~-q l = -( N + 1 ) / 2 0 r q 2 -q 1 + 1 / 2 = q 1 =(N--1)/20rq2-ql + 1 / 2 = N / 2 a n d f r o m ( 3 ) d = N / 2 .-N/2 and from (3) d = N -N / 2 = N/2. Thus d = N/2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe author wishes to thank Dr. Jim Evans and Dr. Seungtaik Yang for their encouragement and assistance in the preparation of this work as well as Professor Athanasios Papoulis and the reviewers for their critical comments and suggestions which helped t o improve the clarity of the note. REFERENCES 1. J. A. Coekin and J. R. Wicking, A 250 Mb/s P.R.B.S. generator using integrated circuits and bit-rate multiplication.

No abstract

No abstract

Abshact-This paper examines the key issues involved in choosing synchronization techniques applicable to both terrestrial and satellite switching networks. The terrestrial networks considered involve circuit switching, message switching, packet switching, and other integrated voice/data nodal configurations. The satellite networks considered involve time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems and their associated synchronization problems. Peculiar problems associated with satelliteswitched TDMA (SS/TDMA) network synchronization are also addressed.Finally, the issues involved in synchronizing integrated satellite/terrestrial networks are addressed. Emphasis will be placed on assessing the state of the art of current terrestial/sateUite synchronization technology and projecting future trends.