This study aims to produce appropriate interactive multimedia for elementary school students and determine the effectiveness of interactive multimedia to improve understanding of civic concepts and learning motivation of elementary school students. This study applies the research and development steps of the Borg and Gall model. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade elementary school students. Data collection in the initial study was carried out through interviews, observations and questionnaires. Product validation was carried out by material experts and media experts, as well as teacher and student responses. Data analysis used independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test with prerequisite tests, namely normality and homogeneity tests, and continued with the MANOVA  test with multivariate normality test prerequisites and covariance variance homogeneity test, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that interactive multimedia was feasible to use, based on the results of validation by material and media experts as well as the results of teacher and student response questionnaires. Interactive multimedia is effective in increasing the understanding of civic concepts and learning motivation of elementary school students.   Keywords: Interactive multimedia, motivation, understanding civic concepts.

This research aims to produce a comic book that can be used to embed the character of tolerance to the students of 4th grade of elementary school. This research using development procedure from Borg and Gall includes seven steps procedure, they are research and information collecting, planning, developing a preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, and operational product revision. The data resources were collected from interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Data analysis technique by quantitative descriptive statistics. Preliminary field tests involve three students and one class teacher. Main field tests involve twelve students and one class teacher. Final validation by material expert got an average score of 4.53, language expert got an average score of 4.50, and media expert got an average score of 4.25. The preliminary field-testing result got an average score of 4.50 in teachers and got an average score of 3.46 in students. The main field-testing result got an average score of 4.75 in teachers and got an average score of 4.74 in students. So, education comics can be used properly to embed tolerance characters in elementary school.

This study aims to develop interactive multimedia based on Indonesian cultural diversity as a learning media for Civics in grade IV elementary schools and to determine the feasibility of the product from the material and display aspects. Product development uses the Borg & Gall. Data collection instruments in the form of interviews and questionnaires. The results of the validation by media experts indicate that the feasibility of interactive multimedia is in the "very feasible" category and the validation of the material experts shows that the feasibility of multimedia is in the "very feasible" category. Meanwhile, the results of the teacher and student responses in the field trial showed the "very feasible" category. These results indicate that the interactive multimedia developed is suitable for use in learning activities and as an alternative learning media for Civics, especially for class IV on the material of Indonesian cultural diversity.           Keywords: Elementary school, Indonesian culture, diversity, interactive multimedia, civic.

Students have Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) which can motivate themselves to arrange personal goals, plan strategies done to achieve the goal, until to evaluate the behaviors. Besides that, students can be more responsible to themselves so that the learning independence of students can be formed. This research aimed to investigate the level of SRL and learning independence of elementary school students, and to investigate the influence of SRL towards the learning independence of elementary school students. This research used a quantitative approach with the comparative research design. The population in this research was 387 students with the sample used was 194 students taken randomly using Slovin’s formula. The instrument used in this research consisted of 24 questions by using 4-point Likert Scale. The data collection technique was used by comparing SRL of students. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 24. The finding of the research showed that SLR and learning independence of elementary school students was on the category medium and has a tcount of 8,516. In addition, the F-test result obtained was 240, 783. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between SRL and the learning independence of elementary school students. The futher reasearch must be based on previous studies. The influence of SRL on student independence and the factors that influence needed to described more comperhensive.

This research aims at comparing the self-efficacy of primary school (SD, Sekolah Dasar) teachers who had taken teacher training program (PPG, Program Pelatihan Guru) on Mathematics teaching and vice versa in which it was seen from the personal belief subfactors in teaching Mathematics and the expectation of mathematics teaching outcomes. This research employed quantitative approach with comparative research design. In addition, the samples were 198 alumni of Primary School Education Program at one of the universities that held PPG in Indonesia. The data analysis was processed by SPSS version 23. Based on the calculation of T-test result, it has been indicated that there were no significant self-efficacy differences between primary school teachers who had taken PPG on mathematics teaching and vice versa. Therefore, the results of this research concluded that self-efficacy was an important variable in a pedagogical competence as it could influence the way teachers managed the classroom in order to attain maximum students' achievement.