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S91based upon their anticipated budget impact and affordability, 100% were deemed low value. ConCluSionS: ICER reports have generally concluded that assessed therapies offer important clinical benefits but generally do not justify their economic impact. These reports currently do not influence coverage/pricing decisions but there is anecdotal evidence of insurers using these in negotiations. For example they were formally cited as part of Medicare Part B payment model reform discussions, indicating ICER reports may play a greater role in future reforms to US drug reimbursement as payers struggle to manage increasing costs.

S89guideline of systematic reviews, databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were queried using the search terms "online patient community", "online health community", and "online health" + "community". Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published in a peer-reviewed journal with full text in English between 2008-2017, (2) included OPC as an intervention or exposure, (3) consisted of adult patients, and (4) captured at least one patient outcome. Studies that assessed weight loss or smoking cessation as an outcome and used social media sites (e.g., Facebook) as an OPC were excluded. At each step, abstracts and full-text articles were evaluated by at least two independent reviewers. Query results were compiled using RefWorks. ReSultS: Of the 420 studies queried from databases, 11 met all predefined criteria. Studies were conducted in the United States (64%), Europe (18%), and Asia (18%). The patient communities varied by disease state covered such as epilepsy (18%), asthma (9%), COPD (9%), and other chronic conditions. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (45%), non-randomized controlled trials (9%), and observational studies (45%). The most common method of measuring patient outcomes was through survey (91%) vs other objective measures. An improvement in patient outcomes was found in 73% of studies. ConCluSionS: Although most studies assessing the impact of OPC showed a beneficial result and studied populations with chronic conditions, it is difficult to further characterize populations that would benefit from OPC due to the lack of consistency among outcomes measured. Further research is warranted to identify the diverse patient populations that may be positively impacted by OPC.