UNSATURATED carboxylic acids have found widespread commercial uses, especially in the field of synthetic resins and plastics. Itaconic acid, an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with interesting commercial possibilities, may be produced by the dehydration or pyrolysis of citric acid (2,3,37,41), by the decarboxylation of aconitic acid (1, 35), and by the fermentation of sugar solutions with molds (21,42,43,45).Research on its production by fermentation has been conducted at the Northern Regional Research Laboratory. Early laboratory studies evaluated various strains of Aspergillus terreus for use in surface culture fermentations for producing itaconic acid from glucose solutions (29-31, 33). Submerged and agitated cultures were studied later (26)(27)(28)34). The project has cul-

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