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The papers that follow in this symposium will deal with various aspects of the behaviour of clover plants, but mainly with the reactions of seed and seedlings to environmental conditions. It is reasonable therefore at the outset to consider the nature of the clover seed and the ways in which the properties of the seed may vary.

GENERALLY farmers are aware that the sowing of "new season's" oats in the autumn is attended by the risk of poor germination. This danger is often avoided by sowing at a heavy rate, or by using I' old season's " seed. Nevertheless, the difficulty of judging the suitability of seed for autumn sowing not infrequently results in considerable loss. The trouble arises from the fact that the oat grain generally requires several months for its complete afterripening.

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