No abstract

The various progestogens can have more or less proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects than estradiol alone. Among the treatment schemes analyzed, the estradiol + dydrogesterone combination resulted in a higher apoptosis rate in relation to the proliferation rate and tibolone was associated with the lowest proliferation.

Discontinuation of HT by reducing the daily dose of estrogen for a period of 2 or 4 months did not differ in its effect from that of abrupt cessation with regard to vasomotor symptoms.

There was no difference in the effects of combinations of estradiol and different progestogens on extracellular matrix components, and breast cell proliferation was associated with increases in perlecan and MMP-9.

No abstract