As is known, the liver in the body of mammalian animals converts nutrients into other chemical formations, which are later used by the body itself or are excreted. Also, this organ performs a detoxification function. The liver contains the necessary supply of blood, vitamins and carbohydrates for the animal, as well as the synthesis of some blood proteins and other vital organic substances. It is known that up to 1,000 different biochemical processes take place in this largest gland of the body, however, due to the enormous load on the hepatocyte, it often undergoes destruction. The level and intensity of metabolic processes in the body of animals depends on the morphofunctional state of this organ. The aim of the research was to study the spread and manifestation of hepatopathy in monogastric animals in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals. The liver of the studied animals (rabbits and dogs) was selected for morphohistological studies. Based on the conducted studies and analysis of the results obtained, it was found that various types of hepatopathy in rabbits with unbalanced feeding and feeding with substandard feed were observed in 45% of cases, and in dogs - in 41.7% of cases. For the digestive glands, both substandard commercial feed and feed prepared by the owners of animals themselves have a negative impact. At the same time, the degree of liver dysfunction did not depend on whether the animals were fed industrial feed or food "from the table". In the course of our research, the following data were obtained: during morphological examination of the liver of rabbits, pathologies were established in 45% of cases, of which hydropic dystrophy -10%, hepatosis -20%, cirrhosis -15%. Liver dysfunction, as an independent disease, was registered in dogs in 14.1% of cases. In experimental dogs, we treated the following types of liver lesions: 42% - liver steatosis, 24.5% - liver inflammation, 12% - liver cirrhosis, 19.2% - cholecystitis, 2.3% - liver neoplasms.

Pathologies of the respiratory system are accompanied by the formation of a multicomponent microbiocenosis. Microorganisms isolated from the respiratory tract have different degrees of priority in the development of pathological processes. In waterfowl, from pathologies of fungal etiology, visceral aspergillosis with localization of the pathological focus in the respiratory tract is more common. Aspergillosis is characterized by a chronic course with various forms that can pass into one another and be supplemented by bacterioses. The aim of the work is to determine the spectrum of microbial agents in the fungal-bacterial association isolated from the lungs of a swan. The object of the study was the corpse of a hissing swan. In the course of the work, such methods as autosection, histological, microscopic, mycological, bacteriological were used. Macroscopically revealed signs characteristic of bronchopneumonia complicated by aerosacculitis. There are two types of limited foci in the lungs and air-carrying bags with a diameter from 3 cm to˂0.2 mm. Four groups of prokaryotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Echerichia coli, Staphilococcus aureus, and the microscopic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus were isolated from the lungs. The leading pathogen in the development of pathological changes in the lungs of a swan is smoking aspergillus. The isolation of representatives of enterobacteria from the lung tissue may indicate contamination of the studied material post mortem, and not the etiological significance of these bacteria. However, any negative effect causing suppression of immune defense mechanisms can stimulate the activity of microorganisms that, isolated or only in combination, can cause a pathological process in the respiratory tract. In this regard, the influence of microflora and the role of isolated microbial associates in the development of respiratory tract pathologies should not be underestimated.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the process of integration of the method of case study with the elements of business games in the educational process of an agrarian university. By means of participant and non-participant observation in experimental student groups, the authors prove that the sophisticated innovative case study technology used in the classroom in the form of independent work combined with a business game creates conditions for the development of professional clinical thinking in students, as well as for the improvement of their creative and research abilities. It is found that the development of applied cases for independent work with their further use in business games during practical classes contributes to deeper assimilation of the learning material and provides for the development of both universal and professional competencies.