Purpose. To estimate the accuracy of IOP measurement using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and applanation tonometry with fixed strength. Material and methods. 290 patients (576 eyes) underwent applanation tonometry according to Maklakov with tonometer weights of 5, 10, and 15 g using a modified elastotonometry technique followed by an analysis of impression quality and diameter measurements by three independent ophthalmologist experts. The prints were then fed into a neural network to check the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements. Results. The comparison of the diameters of the Maklakov tonometer prints determined by AI based on the neural network with the measurements data provided by three experts showed that neural network underestimates the measurement results by an average of 0.27 (-3.81; 4.35) mm Hg. At the same time, the intraclass correlation coefficient for all prints was 98.3%. The accuracy of diameter measurements of prints by neural network differs for tonometers of different weights, e.g. for a 5 g tonometer the difference was 0.06 (-3.38; 3.49) mm Hg, for 10 g and 15 g tonometers was 0.14 (-3.8; 3.51) and 0.95 (-3.84; 5.74) mm Hg, respectively. Conclusion. High accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements by the neural network, was shown to surpass the reproducibility of human-implemented measurements.
Background — Intravitreal implants solve a number of serious problems arising in diseases of the posterior segment of the eyeball. Unlike intravitreal injections, the implant provides a prolonged release of a pharmaceutical drug over time. The review presents the characteristics of existing systems for intravitreal drug delivery: nanosystems, non-biodegradable and biodegradable implants. The review also highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of various implants. Based on the conducted literature review, the following conclusion is formulated: the most promising means of targeted drug delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eyeball are biodegradable implants. However, currently existing biodegradable implants do not provide entirely controlled release of the drug (uncontrollable extraction episodes occur at times), which constitutes a serious issue requiring improvement. Objective — to summarize the published data on existing systems for the targeted drug delivery into the vitreous chamber, identifying their major advantages and disadvantages. Material and Methods — Information was searched in such databases as PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov, using the keywords in both Russian and English languages: intravitreal implants, intraocular implants, biodegradable implants, non-biodegradable implants, nanosystems, nanoparticles, liposomes, targeted drug delivery, posterior segment of the eye, etc.
В данной статье представлены результаты исследования связи между социо-демографическими признаками подростков (такими как пол, возраст, семейное положение, отношения с родственниками и сверстниками и т.д.) и их музыкальными предпочтениями. Музыкальные жанры объединены в группы согласно четырехфакторной модели Рентфроума и Гослинга, т.е. были разделены на группы: «Рефлексивный и сложный», «Интенсивный и бунтующий», «Бодрый и традиционный» и «энергичный и ритмичный». В качестве количественной характеристики влияния исследуемых факторов на предпочтения были выбраны коэффициент корреляции, рассчитанный методом Пирсона, и оценка его статистической значимости с помощью таблицы критических значений. Коэффициент корреляции считался для каждого признака отдельно и приведен в работе в формате долей единицы. Приводятся данные опроса детей, обучающихся в 5-11-х классах. Опрос проводился в период ноябрь-декабрь 2020 г. в трех разных общеобразовательных школах Челябинской области. Опрос проводился на платформе Google формы. В опросе приняли участие 113 респондентов. Анализ получившихся результатов показал, что между отдельными социо-демографическими признаками и музыкальными предпочтениями подростков корреляции не существует. Исходя из этого можно сделать вывод, что формирование музыкальных предпочтений -сложный процесс и зависит от совокупности исследуемых признаков.
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