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In order to study the effects of biocontrol agent (Bacillus subtilis) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae) on the plant growth, peroxidase (POX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, nutrient content, essential oil yield and root colonization of Thymus daenensis transplants, a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments was carried out at the Glasshouse, in 2011-2012. Treatments were included: 1-Glomus mosseae 2-Bacillus subtilis 3-co-inoculation of G. mosseae and B. subtilis and 4-no inoculated. Results showed that the Co-inoculation with G. mosseae and B. subtilis resulted 74% increase in shoot /root dry weight, increased dry herb yield by about 30% and stimulated essential oil yield by 14 % compared to uninoculated controls. The percent of root colonization in the plants inoculated with G. mosseae was more than 7 times higher compared to non-inoculated plants, but dual inoculation resulted in a 68 % reduction in root colonization compared to single inoculation with G. mosseae. The Zn content significantly increased about three times higher than the control plants after dual inoculation. All microbial inoculation treatments significantly increased the concentration of Thymol and carvacerol in T. daenensis plants with respect to the control plants. This study further revealed that the single inoculation with B. subtilis significantly enhanced PAL and pox activity compared to the other treatments. Our findings confirm that plants Co-inoculated with G. mosseae and B. subtilis during the nursery stage, can create a more synergistic effect that supports thyme (T. deneansis) quality and quantity yields in a sustainable cultivation

A field study was conducted on the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus (NP), manure, NP+manure and control ( no fertilizer ) on essential oil content and chemical composition of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) during 2002 and 2003. Increasing NP application rates had no effect on essential oil content in comparison to control, while manure applied seperately or with NP, increased essential oil content. Nine components have been identified in the oil of Ajowan seed. The major components of oil were thymol, δ-terpinene and ρ-cemene.Applying 90 and 60 kgha -1 or 20 tonha -1 manure increased thymol, and in contrast, decreased ρ-cemene . NP or manure did not influence the δ-terpinene. Compared to seperate application of NP or manure , NP + manure caused higher thymol. Whereas there were no significant difference between NP + manure treatments.