Background: Trauma, diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease are age old known risk factors associated with amputation. However, at the Nongu Kristi U Sudan hen Tiv (NKST) Rehabilitation hospital, Mkar, Gboko, Benue state Nigeria, HIV/AIDS is increasingly becoming a major risk factor for upper limb amputation, and this is investigated in this study. Objectives: To determine the risk factors involved in amputation in a referral hospital located in Benue State Nigeria. Methods: A Descriptive cross sectional study design was adopted for this study where the preoperative assessments for HIV testing, serum Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level, Full Blood Count (FBC), CD4 counts, Hepatitis B and C antigens were carried out using standard laboratory Original Research Article 2 = 13.1; p= 0.01). Lower limbs 49 (81.7%) amputations were more than upper limbs 11 (18.3%) amputations. This study revealed that HIV/AIDS ranked second as an indication for upper limb amputations although trauma was the main indication for most upper limb amputations. Conclusion:This study showed that trauma remains the predominant risk factor for amputation, however HIV/AIDS is emerging as a major indication for upper limb amputation.