The case histories of 71 newborns with congenital malformations were analyzed according to the materials of the Children's Clinical Hospital for 1984-1985.In the morbidity structure of newborns, children with developmental abnormalities accounted for 3.1% in 1984. In 1985, the figure was 6.6% (43 of 655 patients). Newborns with congenital malformations were hospitalized for acute respiratory diseases and pneumonia (53) and for natal trauma of the central nervous system (18). 80% of the children were admitted to the hospital directly from maternity hospitals, predominantly in the 2nd week of life, and 20% were admitted from the pediatric area. There were 58 preterm infants and 13 premature infants (30 girls and 41 boys).

Pierre Robin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital facial malformations: microretrognathia, cleft soft or hard palate, microglossia, glossoptosis. In severe cases after birth, there is a threat of asphyxia of the newborn. The phenomena of glossoptosis usually diminish by 4 weeks of age.

The frequency of premature births has no decreasing tendency and varies from 4 to 14%. The rate of prematurity in TASSR varies from 5.7 to 6%, but in Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk it exceeds the average republican rate.The importance of this problem lies in the fact that prematurity affects child mortality rates. Thus, the risk of death of a premature baby is 34-37 times higher than that of a full-term baby. Premature babies account for about 70% of newborns who died before 7 days of life, and about half of them are "low birth weight babies", that is, those whose body weight is equal or less than 1500 grams. In this group, the mortality rate reaches 40% and more.

Women's consultation plays an important role in the system of maternal and child health care. Pathology leading to stillbirth and death of newborns occurs in 63% of cases in the antenatal period [3]. In this regard, the decrease in the incidence of newborns, the prevention and reduction of child and perinatal mortality depend on the increase in the effectiveness of antenatal protection of the fetus, at present, further improvement of the work of antenatal clinics deserves special attention, strengthening their connection with children's clinics, maternity hospitals and medical and preventive institutions serving women of childbearing age.

Respiratory diseases occupy the first place in the structure of childhood diseases: acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia. After perinatal pathology, pneumonia is one of the main causes of infant mortality.