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Relevance. The preservation, reproduction and rational use of agricultural soil fertility is the main condition for the stable development of the agro-industrial complex. Mechanical tillage systems, the use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers are one of the main links in adaptive landscape farming systems. In the conditions of a sharp decrease in the rates of fertilizer application, an increase in the imbalance of elements of mineral nutrition of plants observed in recent years in agroecosystems, the function of improving the regimes of chernozems, preserving their fertility is designed to perform resource-saving technologies of soil cultivation in combination with effective methods of using agrochemicals that combine environmental and economic feasibility.Methods. The experiments were laid in 2017–2019 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The object of the study is spring wheat, the variety Ulyanovskaya 100. The subject of the study is the methods of tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers, the biological product "BisolbiFit". The following technological methods of using the biological product were studied: seed treatment before sowing, non-root treatment of vegetating plants and a combination of these methods. The experiment was carried out on three backgrounds: N0P0K0 (control); 2) N30P30K30; 3) N60P60K60.Results. It was found that the best nitrification ability was possessed by variants with fine combback and comb-back with soil-deepening treatment, in which the weighted average content of nitrate nitrogen was 3.29–3.33 mg/100 g, which is 35–36%; 26–28%; 43–44% more than with fine, conventional non-dump and dump treatment respectively. Plowing improved the conditions of phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 25–37% and 6–14% compared to other treatments. When N30P30K30 and N60 P60 K60 were applied to the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 46 and 91%, phosphorus — by 0–14% and potassium — by 6 and 21% compared to the nonfertilized background. More effective in terms of the effect on the productivity of spring wheat were comb-shaped treatments, where the average yield was 2.89–2.94 t/ha, which exceeded the usual plowing by 0.19–0.24 t/ha. The greatest increase in yield was obtained when combining the methodsseed treatment + spraying of vegetative plants with the biological preparation "BisolbiFit". On an unfertilized background, the increase in grain yield was -0.71, on the background of N30P30K30 — 1.04, on the background of N60P60K60 — 1.56 t/ha.

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of methods of basic soil cultivation and fertilizer rates on the content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Experiments were laid in 2012–2018 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation and the doses of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional regime with the continuous and local placement of crop residues. The following methods of soil cultivation were studied: 1. Moldboard – (plowing by 20–22 cm PLN-4-35) control; 2. Mouldboardless – (SibIME stands for 20–22 cm), 3. Shallow comb-cultivator – (OP-3S for 10–12 cm), 4. Shallow mulching tillage – (OPO-4.25 for 10–12 cm), 5. Without the main autumn tillage, 6. Peeling with a stubble spreader – (OP-3S by 6–8 cm), 7. Ridge-curling – (OPP-3S with soil deepening up to 30–32 cm). Against the background of treatments for crop rotation, fertilizers were applied in doses of N0P0K0; N30P30K30; N60P60K60. It was found that, against a natural background, the best nitrifying ability was possessed by ridge cultivation with soil deepening, at which the weighted average value of the nitrate nitrogen content was 3.94 mg/100 g, which is 37% more than at zero, by 45% at shallow and 57–58% for conventional moldboard and moldless processing. Plowing improved the conditions for phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 14–27% and 6–11% in comparison with other treatments. When N30P30K30 и N60P60K60 were introduced into the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 48% and 84%, phosphorus and potassium by 6% and 17% compared to the non-fertilized background.

The article considers the results of observation of the growth, development and formation of winter wheat grain yield depending on the methods of basic soil treatment, applied fertilizers and biofungicide  Phytotrix. It was found out that the options with shallow and surface treatment were not inferior to the control in terms of yield (plowing by 20-22cm). Mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the productivity of winter wheat relative to the non-fertilized background by an average of 0.54 t / ha. Treatment of plants with phytotrix increased grain production on a non-fertilized background by 0.33 t / ha, on the background of N30P30K30 by 0.76 t / ha. The maximum yield of winter wheat-5.03 t / ha was achieved with the use of combing on the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix. The greatest responsiveness in collecting grain from fertilizers was observed in the variants of comb-back processing and surface disking, where the increase was 0.68-0.89 t / ha against the background of N30P30K30 application, and 1.05 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix relative to the natural background of the corresponding treatments.Apply mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30, with the application of biofungicide treatment on the vegetation of the crop, which will increase the yield by 0.76 t / ha, compared to the non-fertilized background.