This paper analyzes the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals [SDG] in the rural territories of Russia. The sustainable development of rural territories is a problem of world significance. The importance of the discussed problem is that economically steady and socially developed rural territories are the guarantors of stability, independence, and food security of the state. Therefore, the vector of their development becomes the priority direction of national policy. The solution to this scientific problem is the formation of a new scientific direction in studies of sustainable development of rural areas by justifying the necessary conceptual basis and defining indicators of regional development following the goals of sustainable development. The authors analyze rural territories with respect to the share of product output produced by the agricultural industry in the gross regional product (GRP). The correlation, dependence, or influence of the agricultural sector on the regional economy is shown. According to the received results, 57 Russian regions can be carried to rural territories that make more than 50% of all territory. The authors analyzed indicators of sustainable development of the rural territories included in the State program “Complex development of rural territories,” according to SDG. It is shown that not all SDGs were included in the state program of development of rural territories. However, Russia is at the level of world indicators in terms of achieving these goals.