Objective: to study features of PCR analysis of TTV ( Torque teno virus ) viruses and their prevalence in patients with chronic liver diseases and in relatively healthy individuals. Material and methods. To conduct the research, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoretic detection, and statistical method were applied. 212 patients with chronic liver diseases and 125 relatively healthy individuals were examined. Results. TTV, TTMV and TTMDV DNAs in the main and control groups were detected. The data of absolute values, relative frequencies (confidence interval - 95% CI) of DNA detection of TTV, TTMDV, TTMV viruses and their various combinations in the control and main groups of patients are given. Conclusion. The work shows the predominance of mixed infections: TTV, TTMDV and TTMV DNAs were detected in 67 % and 72 % patients of the main and control groups, respectively. The combination of TTV + TTMV viruses was detected in 15.6 % patients of the main and in 12 % patients of the control group. Other combinations, as well as mono-infection of TTMDV and TTMV, were considerably less common and were only single instances. The absence of TTV, TTMV, TTMDV or their combinations in human organism is rare, the frequency of DNA detection of at least one of these viruses in the main and control groups is 95.3% and 89.6%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference.

The problem of studying apoptosis and its relations with various diseases is relevant in both biology and medicine. Apoptosis is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which arose in the course of evolution since the emergence of multicellular organisms and serves to regulate the natural balance between the birth and death of cells being a necessary condition for the maintenance of homeostasis, and in this way establishes certain relations between individual cells in the whole organism. Due to these relations cells enter different stages of the life cycle: division, growth, development, differentiation, aging and death. Apoptosis is a common general biological mechanism responsible not only for maintaining constant number of cells, forming, culling of defective cells, but also for the development of various pathological conditions of individual cells, systems, and body as a whole.

Проблемы здоровья и экологии 46 дают более высокой адсорбционной способностью по отношению к токсичным тяжелым металлам. Например, его адсорбционная емкость по ртути в 5 раз больше, чем у микроцеллюлозы, в 4 раза больше, чем у полифепана и в 2,5 раза -чем у энтеросгеля.3. Использование белого угля позволяет свести к минимуму потери организмом полезных компонентов. Так, его адсорбционная емкость по магнию в 3 раза меньше, чем у микроцеллюлозы, в 1,5 раза -чем у полифепана и в 1,2 раза -чем у энтеросгеля. Белый уголь поглощает кальций в 14 раз меньше, чем микроцеллюлоза, в 25 -чем полифепан и 18 разчем энтеросгель. Адсорбция витамина С белым углем в 6-10 раз меньше, чем энтеросорбентами более ранних поколений.

Objective: to perfect in experiment models of acute and chronic toxic injuries of liver, to evaluate possibilities of their application to study the processes of liver regeneration and its correction. Materials and methods: white male rats Vistar; intraperitoneal injection of 50 % solution of carbon tetrachloride made on olive oil; intragastric introduction of acetaminophen; morphological and morphometrical methods. Results. The models of toxic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis were received in experiment. Hepatic cirrhosis is postnecrotic and mainly multilobular. Conclusion. The carbon tetrachloride model of toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis can be used for reproduction of this pathology in experiment. However it is not optimal as the sensitivity of rats to carbon tetrachloride differs and the changes in liver have reversible character after the preparation cancellation.

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