Genetic dysfunction of the pancreatic β-cells and/ or factors participating in glucose metabolism can form the bases for monogenic types of diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of MODY type of diabetes is difficult due to its rare identification in the real clinical practice and to the necessity of molecular genetic testing for the confirmation of specific mutations. Errors in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus may be misleading for the choice of hypoglycemic treatment, which is the key problem in the management of these patients. In the clinical case described, the diagnosis of MODY3 related to the mutations in the HNF1A transcriptional factor was confirmed during pregnancy of the patient, i.e. more than 15 years had passed from manifestation of the disease in childhood, despite typical clinical symptoms and specific familial history. Optimization of the early diagnosis and management of this patient cohort can be facilitated by accumulation of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, as well as improvement of diagnostic capacities, including higher availability of molecular genetic analysis.
Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the key causes of mortality in the world. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary for the correct drug treatment and complication risk prediction. Materials and methods. The article examines all the blood glucose monitoring systems in the world available in September 2022, as well as promising developments. There are used available literary sources, Internet resources, including websites of producing companies and startups. Results. Most of the non-invasive glucose meters considered in the article are the devices prototypes. They are at the stage of testing and hypothesis testing. Teams from different countries use different methods and look for patterns based on information obtained from currently available sensors that allow you to determine a blood glucose level at a particular moment. Despite the use of the latest technologies, many companies are unable to obtain consistently accurate results. Conclusions. In the near future flash monitoring systems in their new generations will become increasingly widespread and recognized by real patient users. The ability to track data in continuous mode allows you to talk about the chronic disease management. The prospect of creating a completely non-invasive blood glucose meter attracts many development teams around the world. However, technological difficulties in development delay a product creating process. Many projects are completed without getting the expected result. Now, there is no non-invasive glucose meter that meets all the clinical medicine requirements, providing complete and accurate control of blood glucose levels.
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