The immediacy of the studied problem is in the actual status of domestic and foreign breeding and seed production. The purpose of the article is to form a modern economic system and to develop new ways of scientifically based process in the organization breeding and seed production. The research methodology was based on the systematization and comparative analysis of problems of high dependence of the Russian agricultural sector on import seeds. The leading approach in the research methodology of this problem is a system analysis based on consideration of the economy of breeding and seed production as an integral complex of interrelated elements. A mechanism for the formation of a modern economic system of breeding and seed production taking into account the directions for the development of domestic breeding and seed production, providing state support for competition, upgrading seed breeding centers, the formation of personnel potential and educational and scientific production complexes for the development of the intellectual potential of Russian breeding and seed production has been proposed. The materials of the article are of practical value for the formation of suitable state policy and ensuring the competitiveness of the scientific potential in breeding and seed production.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the Russian state policy on agricultural production and food availability in the context of food security. Using methodological tools, statistical data about production, consumption and prices of food products were processed. In the course of the work, it was determined that the agriculture of Russia shows a fairly high rate of development. The positive aspect is that this growth is provided mainly by intensive factors. The sale prices of agricultural producers show high growth rates, which negatively affects the availability of food for the country's population. In general, Russia's agriculture, under the conditions of the food embargo and economic sanctions, shows good results. It is proposed that the State changes the emphasis from state support from grain and pig farming to growing vegetables, growing fruits, and raising livestock, including milk products. Increasing support to these areas will increase the volume of agricultural production of high value-added goods, which will have a positive impact on the development of rural areas and the diversification of exports. At the same time, state support should be left in the direction of the production of class 1 and 2 cereals and the processing of pork.