BACKGROUND: Effects of co-substrate sorbitol different feeding strategies on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris hGH-Mut + were investigated by eight designed experiments grouped as: (i) fed-batch methanol feeding without the co-substrate; (ii) fed-batch methanol feeding with pulse sorbitol feeding; (iii) fed-batch methanol feeding together with fed-batch sorbitol feeding at t = 0-15 h, followed by fed-batch methanol feeding; and (iv) fed-batch methanol and sorbitol feeding at t = 0-30 h, followed with fed-batch methanol feeding. RESULTS:The highest rhGH and cell concentrations were achieved, respectively, as 0.64 g L −1 and 105 g L −1 at t = 42 h of induction phase, with the strategy where methanol was fed to the system at a pre-determined feeding rate of µ M0 =0.03 h −1 , and sorbitol concentration was kept at 50 g L −1 at t = 0-15 h of the rhGH production phase where the specific growth rate on sorbitol was µ S0 =0.025 h −1 . The overall cell and product yield on total substrate were found as 0.26 g g −1 and 2.26 mg g −1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that co-carbon source, sorbitol, feeding strategy is as important as methanol feeding strategy in recombinant protein production by Mut + strains of P. pastoris.

BACKGROUND: Effect of pH on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris hGH-Mut + was investigated at pH = 4.2, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0.

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A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Financial losses in pharmacies could be in many different ways. Fire, flood, unsufficient stock controls, inside or outside robberies may cause financial loss and this should be measured and taken into consider. This study focuses on the losses occured by robberies in the pharmacies. The main aim of this research is to determine the robberies and pharmacists prevention methods against those losses. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The survey was conducted in Mecidiyeköy District of İstanbul. The survey questions were designed by the researchers. Surveys were filled by the pharmacists via face to face interviews. The characteristics of pharmacies, demographics of pharmacists and robberies were recorded. The results were given by descriptive statistics, in other words as tables, percentages. and graphics. And due to insufficient number of participants, no statistical analyses are done. R Re es su ul lt ts s a an nd d C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Survey was conducted with thirty six pharmacists. It is found that financial loss of pharmacies changes from one to forty percent. In twenty four pharmacies (24/36) robbery has happened at least one time and it is found out that there is a relationship with the size (meter square) of the pharmacy. Also it is declared that installing camera and alarm systems are commonly used for preventing robberies. It is understood that financial losses may generate because of price decrease changes or shortcuts of reimbursement authorities.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Pharmacy; pharmacy management; security of pharmacy; financial loss Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Eczanelerde muhtemel finansal kayıplar birçok farklı şekilde olmaktadır. Finansal kayıplar; yangın, su baskını, stok kontrolsüzlüğü, iç ve dış hırsızlıklar sonucu oluşabilir ve bu durumda eczanenin yönetiminde finansal kayıpların ölçülmesi ve değerlendirmeye alınması gereklidir. Bu araştırmada eczanelerde, özellikle hırsızlık sebebi ile oluşan finansal kayıplar üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Eczacının hırsızlıklar ve önlenmesi konusundaki tutumu ve bilinç düzeyleri çalışmanın esas olarak irdelediği konulardır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : İstanbul ili Mecidiyeköy Semtinde yer alan eczanelerde anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırıcılar tarafından hazırlanan anketin soruları yüz yüze uygulanan görüşmeler vasıtası ile toplanmıştır. Eczanenin özellikleri ve eczacıların demografik özellikleri ile eczanede meydana gelen hırsızlıklar kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çalışma 2010 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir ve İstanbul'un sadece bir bölgesini temsil etmektedir. Sonuçların sunulmasında tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılmıştır. Yani veriler tablolar, yüzdeler ve grafikler halinde sunulmuş, katılımcı sayısı yeterli olmadığı için karşılaştırmalar ve istatistiksel değerlendirmeler yapılmamıştır. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r v ve e S So on nu uç ç: : Araştırmada 36 eczacı ile görüşülmüştür. Finansal kayıpların %1-40 arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği,...