The low vocational competence of vocational teachers has become an essential issue in the last few decades. This problem is due to the lack of actual work experience in the industry for vocational teachers. One of the vocational skills improvement programs that are considered adequate is the industrial apprenticeship program. Many studies discuss apprenticeships, but there are still limited studies that examine effective apprenticeship programs to improve the competence of pre-service teachers at automotive engineering Vocational High Schools. Therefore, this study aims to determine the development of a Work-Based Learning (WBL)-based industrial apprenticeship model and its effectiveness to improve the competence of pre-service teachers at Vocational High Schools in the field of automotive engineering. This study uses an Education Research and Development (R&D) approach and involves two campuses in Central Java-Indonesia. There were 20 pre-service vocational teachers and three industry parties involved in the preliminary study. The preliminary study aims to obtain information about the problems and needs of the apprenticeship model. Furthermore, there were 60 pre-service vocational teachers and 12 industry parties involved in a follow-up study to test the effectiveness of the apprenticeship model. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The study results revealed that the WBL-based industrial apprenticeship model for pre-service vocational teachers in the automotive engineering field was considered feasible. In addition, the implementation of a WBL-based industrial apprenticeship can improve the competence of pre-service automotive engineering teachers, which includes knowledge, attitudes, and skills in the field of automotive engineering. The results of this study have implications for vocational education practitioners, especially higher education that organizes teacher education programs, to apply this apprenticeship model in preparing pre-service vocational teachers. This is because the WBL-based industrial apprenticeship model for pre-service vocational teachers plays a vital role in improving vocational skills for pre-service vocational teachers.

Hasil pembelajaran menulis berita siswa kelas VIII MTs Muhammadiyah Batur, Banjar Negara sangat rendah. Dari 53 siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar hanya 21,88% (12 siswa) dengan nilai rata-rata 70,83. Untuk itu, perlu dicarikan solusi berdasarkan kondisi dan teori yang ada dengan mengubah pendekatan pembelajaran dan penggunaan media yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi pengaruh penggunaan media cetak dan audio visual terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas VIII.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan kuesioner.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh media cetak terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita dengan t hitung -4.916 dan sig .000 dengan taraf signifikan  5%, sehingga 0,000 < 0,05 maka data berpengaruh signifikan;  terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual  terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita dengan hasil t hitung -10,495 dan sig .000 (2-tailed) dengan  taraf signifikansi 5%, terdapat perbedaan pengaruh media cetakan dan audio visual terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita dengan hasil penghitungan bahwa hasil kemampuan menulis teks berita dilihat berdasarkan nilai postes pada siswa dengan media cetak rata-rata sebesar 74,51, sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa dengan media audio visual sebesar 79,92, media audio visual lebih besar pengaruhnya dibandingkan dengan media cetak;  dan terdapat perbedaan gaya kognitif yang mempengaruhi kemampuan menulis teks berita pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Muhammadiyah Batur, Banjarnegara. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan total nilai yang diperoleh  siswa FD memiliki total rata-rata 78,57 (kelas audio visual), sedangkan rata-rata siswa FI sebesar 77,90 (kelas media cetak)

The objectives of the study is to achieve the learning process of speaking skills by developing a think pair share-based learning model, one of which is to improve the critical thinking skills of junior high school students. The design of this speaking model development is by adapting Borg and Gall's theory. They said in the theory of development of a Think Pair Share-based speaking learning model to improve the critical thinking of junior high school students. It is about learning language; how to speak, read and to respond correctly by developing a think pair share-based learning model. And the results of expert validation obtained the results and were categorized as valid. In terms of practicality, the model applied to the speaking learning process is in a good category. The result of the study states that it is raise to 3.19. as the validator says in the final assessment which contains models it means valid. Based on the criteria of validity and practicality, the model developed is feasible to be used as an alternative to developing speaking learning to increase students' critical thinking skills so as to produce more focused speaking skills and produce quality thinking. Therefore Learning language must focus in what to say, think and react by experience, therefore the more error someone does, the more perfect someone perform.