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Separation of condensed tannins from sugars and low-molecular weight polyphenols was achieved by cold-water extraction of carob pod meal. The condensed tannins were isolated by subsequent hot-water extraction of the meal and analysed by permanganate titration, alkaline hydrolysis and fusion, paper chromatography, reactions for the presence of Zeuco-anthocyanins and catechins. They were not soluble in commonly used tannin solvents. Although the presence of Zeuco-anthocyanins and flavanols was shown by general reactions, no monomeric substances of this group were detected in ripe carobs. Extracts from green carobs contained several catechins and Zeuco-anthocyanins, that may be regarded as possible precursors of condensed tannins.Gallic acid was the main constituent of the low-molecular weight fraction obtained from ripe carobs and which was soluble in organic solvents.

Dietary effects on fat deposition, cholesterol level, and fatty acid profiles of muscle and fat depots in Friesian bull calves were evaluated in two trials. In Trial 1 (eight pens of seven Friesian bull calves), three levels of ME (10.4, 10.9, 11.7 MJ/kg of DM; diets L, M and H, respectively) were offered to three groups of calves throughout the entire experimental period. Calves of the fourth group were fed diet M for the first 80 d and diet L thereafter (Treatment ML). Calves were 185 +/- 15 d of age and 215 +/- 18 kg BW at the start of the trial and were slaughtered when they reached a predetermined equal degree of fatness, in a BW range of 480 to 580 kg, and an age range of 417 to 548 d. In Trial 2, four groups of calves (eight pens of seven Friesian bull calves) had free access to diets of the same ME (11.7 MJ/kg of DM) but that differed in either CP content (11.3 vs 13.4%) or had poultry litter substituted for part of soybean meal at the equivalent CP. Calves were 18o +/- 13 d of age and 240 +/- 19 kg BW at the start of the trial and were slaughtered after 232 +/- 11 d, at 508 +/- 22 kg BW. In both trials, dressing percentages and carcass percentages of kidney, pelvic, and cod fat depots were recorded at slaughter, and samples of the 12th rib longissimus muscle with its subcutaneous fat were obtained for lipid analyses. Increasing the ME concentration shortened the growing period and tended to increase carcass depot fat percentage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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