The aim of the article is an improvement of abrasion resistance of materials of road pavements and giving practical recommendations during the pavement designing to the construction organizations. The Prall Test method was used to identify the factors influencing the wear resistance of asphalt concrete. Studied mixtures and materials are typical for the highway construction in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan. The influence of such factors as the type of mix, the size of the aggregate, the type of binder and the quality of the aggregate was studied. The study shows that the increase of the wear resistance and coarseness of the aggregate when using a polymer-modified binder and the reduction of the content of air voids increase the wear resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures.