Introduction: cancer is a disease caused by neoplastic cells that multiply uncontrollably, invading other tissues autonomously and at a distance. There are many types of cancer that can be prevented by avoiding certain risk factors. Objective: to describe the epidemiological behavior of patients with cancer diagnosis in Guantanamo province in 2019. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with cancer in the province of Guantánamo, belonging to the country Cuba, during the year 2019. The universe was composed by the 1697 cases reported in that period. The variables age, sex, municipality and main location of the cancer were studied. The primary source of data was the Health Statistical Yearbook of Guantánamo Province. Results: it was observed that the age group older than 60 years had the highest incidence, with 1176 patients, which represents 69,29 %. The male sex was the most representative, with 870 patients, equivalent to 51,26 %. Prostate cancer was the most prevalent cancer in the male population, with 220 patients, representing 25,28 %. Conclusions: cancer is an important health problem for the Guantanamo population, especially in the age group over 60 years old. Male sex has a higher incidence, and prostate, breast and skin cancer are the most frequent in the population studied.

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica que se caracteriza por hiperglucemia, debido a defectos en la secreción de insulina o a la acción de la insulina, o a la combinación de ambos; con gran impacto a nivel mundial. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus son hospitalizados 2,4 veces más que el resto de los pacientes que ameritan hospitalización, esto amerita una inversión importante por parte del Estado, principal responsable de sostener los centros hospitalarios y por parte del paciente y su familia. Objetivo: Identificar factores epidemiológicos asociados a la duración de la estadía hospitalaria de pacientes diabéticos en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho NetoMétodo: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho Neto en la provincia de Guantánamo en el año 2021. En el análisis estadístico se extrajeron las variables edad, sexo, hábitos tóxicos, índice de masa corporal, actividad física, tipo de diabetes, cifra de glicemia al ingreso y comorbilidades, a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 23.0, se obtuvieron los indicadores descriptivos, así como los totales y porcentajes.Resultado: se observó la mayor presencia del grupo etario mayor de 60 con un 49,1 %, se puede apreciar que el tipo de diabetes es estadísticamente significativo (p= 0,019) para hablar de estadía hospitalaria prolongada, el tipo 2 de DM tiene 1,03 veces más riesgo (OR=1,032).Conclusiones: Como factores predisponentes a una estadía hospitalaria prolongada, fueron identificados la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y la edad avanzada.

Introduction: some toxic-environmental factors are frequently related to malignant hematological diseases, which have increased in recent years. Objective: to describe the frequency of appearance of toxic-environmental factors in patients diagnosed with hematological neoplasms. Method: a study was conducted cross-sectional descriptive study in patients diagnosed with hematological pathologies in the year 2020, a structured interview was applied to them looking for toxic-environmental factors, occupation, contact with toxic substances, origin, drinking water, toxic habits, diet, among others. Patients who used pesticides were given a second interview that collected: the type of substance, exposure time, time since last exposure, history of poisoning, protection measures, knowledge and application of the same. Results: patients with lymphoma predominated. non-Hodgkin (25, 5 %), ages between 61-80 years (50 %), farmers (31 %), rural origin (57 %), those who had contact with toxins (64, 4 %). The most used toxin was pesticides, the average exposure time was 14 years, the last contact 9, 2 years, protection measures are used only sometimes, their need is unknown and 90% do not know any protection measure. Conclusions: according to the results it is necessary to create strategies to guide the population about this risk and how to modify it.