RESUMEN: Determinar el perfil antropométrico y de composición corporal de los atletas ha sido -hasta hace poco-una herramienta fundamental para predecir el rendimiento deportivo y comportamiento biomecánico. Para este estudio, se evaluaron a 15 jugadores de la Selección Mexicana de Voleibol Varonil, con edad de 26,4 ± 4,73, previo a la XIV Copa Panamericana de Voleibol 2019. Se utilizó el protocolo ISAK para la toma antropométrica así como las ecuaciones de Carter & Heath para determinar el perfil antropométrico y somatotipo, el porcentajey kg de grasa, se calculó a partir de la ecuación de Durnin & Womersley, la masa muscular con el método De Rose y Gimares, y tejido óseo con la ecuación de Rocha.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase IB (CPT1B) and adrenoceptor beta-3 (ADRB3) are critical regulators of fat metabolism. CPT1B transports free acyl groups into mitochondria for oxidation, and ADRB3 triggers lipolysis in adipocytes, and their respective polymorphisms E531K and W64R have been identified as indicators of obesity in population studies. It is therefore important to understand the effects of these mutations on ADRB3 and CPT1B function in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue, respectively. This study aimed to analyze the rate of lipolysis of plasma indicators (glycerol, free fatty acids, and beta hydroxybutyrate) and fat oxidation (through the non-protein respiratory quotient). These parameters were measured in 37 participants during 30 min of aerobic exercise at approximately 62% of maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 30 min of recovery. During recovery, mean respiratory quotient values were higher in K allele carriers than in non-carriers, indicating low post-exercise fatty acid oxidation rates. No significant differences in lipolysis or lipid oxidation were observed between R and W allele carriers of ADRB3 at any time during the aerobic load. The substitution of glutamic acid at position 531 by lysine in the CPT1B protein decreases the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, which increases the non-protein respiratory quotient value during recovery from exercise. This may contribute to weight gain or reduced weight-loss following exercise.

La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) y la aptitud musculoesquelética (AME), según reportes, presentan deterioro entre la población adolescente a consecuencia del sedentarismo. Este estudio buscó establecer la relación del nivel de ACR y AME con los indicadores de salud adiposidad corporal, glucemia (Glu) y tensión arterial sistémica: sistólica (TAS) y diastólica (TAD); en adolescentes de 15 a 18 años. Participaron 44 hombres y 60 mujeres, estudiantes de bachillerato de Colima, México, con una edad de 17.1 ± 1.2 años. Mediante protocolo Tecumseh se evaluó la ACR y la AME con dinamometría, valorando la máxima tensión isométrica voluntaria en tres ejercicios: extensión de rodilla, extensión y flexión de codo, ajustados al área de corte transversal muscular. La TAS y TAD se determinó mediante tensiómetros de muñeca y se clasificó conforme a los rangos establecidos en la norma oficial mexicana NOM-030-SSA2-1999. El valor de Glu se obtuvo en muestra de sangre capilar colectada en tira reactiva determinación en glucómetro portátil, dos horas posteriores a la ingesta del medio día. El resultado se calificó conforme a la norma oficial mexicana NOM-015-SSA2-1994. Los análisis de regresión y estimación curvilínea indicaron que el nivel de ACR y AME presentan asociación a valores favorables a la salud en adiposidad corporal y masa muscular; en hombres, mayor desarrollo de la ACR y AME menores valores de tensión arterial sistémica.

The present research corresponds to a cross-sectional descriptive study in the anthropometric field, which allows coaches to develop standards to identify talent and optimize training in the discipline of beach volleyball. Its objective was to define the anthropometric profile and body composition of the Mexican Olympic beach volleyball teams in both sexes. The participants were couples one and two of Mexico in both sexes (defined by FIVB ranking), 4 women and 4 men with average age of 30.25±6.85 and 27.25±7.36 years. The technique used was Heath-Carter´s somatotype method and the anthropometric profile restricted ISAK protocol. Among the findings resulting from the research, unification can be observed in the male morphological characteristics (triceps skinfold, front thigh skinfold, calf skinfold, circumference of relaxed and contracted arm, waist, hip, femur diameter and BMI), as for the somatotype, both sexes of Mexican couples are positioned in mesomorphs-balanced. In relation to other studies consulted, balance in somatotype and muscular development is observed with high performance teams. Weight and height, as well as age, are important variables for the selection of talent and future optimal performance in world and professional volleyball.