RESUMO Os testes de germinação e de vigor são componentes essenciais do processo de controle de qualidade das empresas produtoras de sementes, e o teste de envelhecimento acelerado
O pequi apresenta reduzida taxa e velocidade de emergência. Os períodos de emergência variam de um a oito meses, utilizando-se tratamentos para a quebra da dormência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico na germinação das sementes de pequizeiro em condições de viveiro. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro de mudas da Usina Hidrelétrica de Estreito ? MA, com o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, onde se obteve uma semente por parcela e que cada repetição teve 4 parcelas. E todas as sementes foram escarificadas. Os tratamentos foram: T0 ? 24 horas em água (Testemunha); T1 ? 1000 ppm (GA3); T2 ? 1375 ppm de (GA3) e T3 ? 1500 ppm de (GA3). Com 35 dias corrido, o tratamento 1 (T1) foi que se obteve maiores valores de germinação, maior altura das mudas e a maior quantidade de folhas quando se comparados aos outros tratamentos.
RESUMO: Na cultura da cebola, são constantes os problemas relativos ao desempenho das sementes no campo, justifi cando-se o uso de técnicas que aumentem a porcentagem de germinação das sementes e a emergência das plântulas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do condicionamento osmótico em sementes de cebola com nitrato de potássio e polietileno glicol 6000 em diferentes concentrações e períodos de condicionamento. Para tanto, sementes da cv. Baia Periforme foram condicionadas em soluções de PEG 6000 a 0,8 e -1,0 MPa e KNO 3 a 0,25 e 0,35 mol L -1 por quatro 0, 24, 48, 96 e 144 h, a 20 °C. A seguir, as sementes condicionadas ou não foram avaliadas por meio dos testes: de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência das plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência e comprimento de plântula. Verifi cou-se que o condicionamento osmótico em PEG 6000 e KNO 3 por 48 h foi efetivo em aumentar a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação, bem como a emergência das plântulas. Para o crescimento de plântula, o condicionamento osmótico em solução de PEG 6000 a -0,8 MPa foi superior aos demais tratamentos.ABSTRACT: Problems regarding onion seed performance in the fi eld are constant, justifying the use of techniques to accelerate germination and seedling emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four imbibition solutions and different times during priming on onion seed germination and vigor. Seeds of onion, Baia periforme cultivar, were primed in PEG 6000 24, 48, 96 and 144 hours, at 20 °C. The seeds were then submitted to the following tests: germination, fi rst count, percentage and speed of seedling emergence, and seedling length. Priming in PEG 6000 and KNO 3 for 48 h were effective in increasing the percentage and speed of germination and seedling emergence in the fi eld. Regarding seedling length, priming in PEG 6000 at -0.8 MPa solution was superior to the other treatments applied.
Acerola fruit is one of the richest natural sources of ascorbic acid. As a consequence, acerola fruit and its products are in demand worldwide for the production of health supplements and for the development of functional products. Acerola phenotypes (103) were screened in Western Paraná State, in the Southern region of Brazil, and evaluated to obtain information on fruit quality characteristics with the aim of using them in future breeding programs. Principal Component and Hierarchical Cluster analysis were performed on all datasets to explore the variability among samples and to identify the main clusters. A great variability among phenotypes was observed, with potential for use in breeding programs. Seven phenotypes were selected as candidates in the next breeding program, characterized by high vitamin C content and yield, or higher values of fruit size and color parameters. Four belong to cluster 1 and three to cluster 2. Specifically, two phenotypes, belonging to cluster 2, showed the best performance in terms of vitamin C (2150 mg 100 g−1 pulp and 2625 mg 100 g−1 pulp respectively) and pulp yield (74.8% and 82.3% respectively), and one phenotype, belonging to cluster 1, for high pulp yield, fruit size and vitamin C content (80.3% 6.43 g and 2490 mg 100 g−1 pulp).
The objective of this work was to evaluate asepsis protocols, composition and concentration of culture media in the in vitro establishment of three physalis species. In experiment I, seeds of 3 species were used x 3 asepsis protocols. In experiment II, 3 culture media and explants 3 species were used. In experiment III, explants of 2 species x 4 concentrations of MS culture medium were used. In experiment IV, explants of 2 species x 4 sucrose concentrations were used. For experiments II, III and IV after 30 days were evaluated some phytotechnical parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 (experiments I and II) and 2 x 4 (experiments III and IV) factorial scheme. Protocols II and III were appropriate for P. peruviana germination, and I and III for P. minima, the three protocols were efficient for controlling fungi and bacteria. The MS is the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of three species. The culture medium at 100% concentration obtained better values in the in vitro development parameters evaluated for the species P. peruviana and P. minima. Sucrose concentrations close to 50 and 20 g L -1 favored the establishment of P. peruviana and P. minima.
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