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<p>In this study, we examined whether retrieval practice promoting conceptual integration can improve test performance and self-assessment. Prior to testing, introductory psychology students received retrieval practice through their weekly lab sessions. Short-answer questions for practice exercises emphasized either single concepts or conceptual integration, whereas those for tests concerned individual concepts. During the first half of the semester, test performance was higher following practice focused on concepts than practice focused on conceptual integration. No difference existed during the second half. Performance was correlated with estimates before testing when practice emphasized individual concepts, but not conceptual integration. The transfer-appropriate processing framework offers an account for these data by suggesting that emphasis on conceptual integration might have fostered discrepancy between conceptual operations used for practice and those utilized for testing, affecting test performance.</p><p> </p>

Climate change is expected to increase wildfire severity in the Southwest. Following large fires, surface water runoff and soils contributes high concentrations of nutrients to water bodies and has the potential to impair surface water quality and terrestrial systems. Although there is a considerable amount of research on the effects of nutrients in surface water runoff and soils following a fire, the need to directly investigate nutrient levels transported from various severity classes is required. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contributions of nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2-), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-) orthophosphate (OP) levels from surface water runoff originating from various wildfire severity classes from the Las Conchas fire in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. To complete this task NO 2-, NO 3-, and (OP) concentrations will be determined from surface water runoff and soils originating from predetermined high, moderate, low, mixed, and control (unburned site) fire severity types. Fire severity site qualification was determined in a previous study. We hypothesize that our results from the high severity burn area will have the least contribution of NO 2-, NO 3-, and (OP) and control will have the highest. pp. 30,