P encemaran lingkungan hidup akibat impor limbah B3 (Bahan Berbahaya Beracun) yang dilakukan oleh PT APEL dan PT JOM terjadi di Batam, oleh PT APEL dan kegiatan industri lain di wilayah Batam, sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena berdasarkan data dari Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan (Bapedal) Kota Batam sebanyak 375 perusahaan diantaranya berpotensi menghasilkan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3). Potensi kerusakan lingkungan sudah sangat nyata dan terjadi, namun dari penerapan sanksi terhadap pelaku pencemaran lingkungan belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah azas Premium Remedium dapat diterapkan untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan. Terjadinya perusakan dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang masif tak lepas dari penegakan dan penerapan hukum lingkungan hidup yang ambigu. Pasal 97 UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2009, menyebutkan tindak pidana dalam bidang lingkungan hidup, merupakan tindak pidana kejahatan. Tindak pidana kejahatan lingkungan seharusnya menggunakan penerapan hukum azas hukum premium remedium, bukan lagi pada azas ultimum remedium.

Legal argument is a debate or argument in explaining the issues between two or more people performed in court. Legal argument is one way to perform law finding with the purpose to avoid legal vacuum when the judge makes a legal reasoning in a verdict. In making a legal argument, it is at least performed by legal reasoning, logic, facts. However, some judges, in making a decision, did not use the legal arguments by legal reasoning and facts so that it resulted in debates and arguments. It is  interesting to study on how to build legal argument in the litigation mechanism in Indonesia. Some verdicts in Indonesia have been the debate among the public through social media, by both academic and non-academic communities, because they were not based on the legal facts revealed at the trials and not in favor of the public sense of justice. Some of the examples are the verdict in the case of the environmental lawsuits of Lapindo Brantas Mud in Sidoarjo, the case verdict in Palembang District Court on the lawsuit filed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on forest fires and land concessions of PT. Bumi Mekar Hijau in 2014. From the decisions, it turned out that the judges, in making the legal arguments for their decisions, had deviated from the analogy and were not based on the existing legal facts. In building legal arguments, it would have to be conducted by collecting data (evidence) and clear fact so that its solutions do not deviate from the rules of law

Islamic fintech lending regulation and consumer protection are important matters that serve as behavioral guidelines and guarantee the fulfillment of consumer rights. Islamic fintech lending has high risks, such as default, sharia compliance, and implementation of dispute resolution. This study aims to find and analyze the regulation and protection of Islamic fintech lending consumers in Indonesian laws and regulations. This research is normative juridical research that examines the law as a norm in legislation by using secondary data which is analyzed qualitatively by descriptive analysis method. Normatively, there are no regulations that specifically regulate or contain Islamic fintech lending. Thus, consumer protection is also weak. Policymakers must carry out legal reforms by issuing laws or regulations that regulate Islamic fintech lending and its business activities to realize legal certainty, justice, and benefit.

The purpose of this study is to find a model of legal protection for forest conservation of the processed wood business. The development of the business in the processed wood industry makes the forest a natural wealth that has high economic value. Forest products which have high economic value must be preserved from those who are not responsible for illegally utilizing forest products. Legal protection to preserve forests is reflected in various regulations both issued by the Ministry of Trade and Industry and from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry by requiring forest product entrepreneurs to have licenses in the processed wood business. Processed wood entrepreneurs (furniture) who are members of the Small and Medium Industries (IKM) who will export their furniture must have SVLK (Timber Legality Verification System) document, but in its implementation it is still not effective. The research method used is the sociolegal research approach. The results of the study showed that the ineffectiveness of legal protection for forest preservation of processed wood business was caused by several aspects, namely legal aspects, economic aspects, and cultural aspects, therefore the importance of establishing a model of legal protection for forest preservation of the justicebased processed wood business, both from the substance aspect the law, the legal structure and the legal culture, so that the protection of the preservation of the forest will be realized in synergy with the processed wood business in a statutory regulation.

Population growth, industrial development, and national infrastructure made the government legislate Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest. Apart from functioning as a catalyst for national development, this law also functions to manage spatial planning. This law is also related to land conversion and spatial planning, namely Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Transfer of functions and spatial planning activities need to be synchronized in law to balance the need for land and to control the transfer of functions properly and in accordance with the spatial plan. Consequently, if there is a violation of the spatial plan that is not in accordance with its designation, both the permit giver and the user of the space, criminal sanctions must be applied to minimize the occurrence of land conversion. The Spatial Planning Law is ideal for realizing a safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable national space based on the archipelago concept and national resilience. It is hoped that the dream of spatial planning can be achieved through the realization of harmony between the natural environment and the built environment, integration of the use of natural resources and artificial resources with due regard to human resources, and protection of spatial planning functions and prevention of negative impacts on the environment due to space utilization. Abstrak Pertambahan penduduk, perkembangan industri dan infrastruktur nasional membuat pemerintah mengundangkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum. Selain berfungsi sebagai katalisator pembangunan nasional, undang-undang ini juga berfungsi untuk mengatur tata ruang. Undang-undang ini juga terkait dengan alih fungsi lahan dan tata ruang, yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. alih fungsi dan kegiatan penataan ruang perlu disinkronkan dalam undang-undang untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan tanah dan mengendalikan alih fungsi secara baik dan sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang. Konsekuensinya, jika terjadi pelanggaran terhadap rencana tata ruang yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya, baik pemberi izin maupun pengguna ruang harus dikenakan sanksi pidana dengan tujuan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya alih fungsi lahan. UU Penataan Ruang sangat ideal untuk mewujudkan ruang nasional yang aman, nyaman, produktif, dan berkelanjutan berlandaskan konsep nusantara dan ketahanan nasional. Harapan penataan ruang yang dicita-citakan dapat tercapai melalui terwujudnya keselarasan antara lingkungan alam dan lingkungan binaan, keterpaduan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya buatan dengan memperhatikan sumber daya manusia, dan perlindungan fungsi tata ruang dan pencegahan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan akibat pemanfaatan ruang. Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Umum, Pengadaan Tanah, Penataan Ruang, UU No. 26 Tahun 2007