A B S T R A C TA study on the undergrowth vegetation within the pine woods (Pinus merkusii) stands conducted in RPH Kalirajut and RPH Baturraden. This study aimed to find out the composition of the shrubs of the pine woods stands on those two sites with different altitude and to figure out the similarity of the herbs of the pine woods stands on those two locations with the different height. This study applied quadrat sampling technique, using 30 units of 2 x 2 m quadrats divided into ten sub-transects along the main transect. We measured environmental factors including elevation, temperature, light intensity, and pH of the soil. P E N D A H U L U A NHutan merupakan suatu ekosistem yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan dan hewan. Masyarakat tumbuh-tumbuhan dalam suatu ekosistem hutan memiliki hubungan erat satu sama lain dengan lingkungannya. Menurut Soerianegara & Indrawan (2005), hutan juga memiliki peran sebagai tempat tinggal dan makanan bagi berbagai jenis fauna yang hidup di dalamnya. Populasi tumbuhan dan hewan di dalam hutan membentuk masyarakat yang saling berkaitan erat satu sama lain dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, hutan dipandang sebagai suatu sistem ekologi atau merupakan ekosistem yang sangat berguna bagi kehidupan manusia.Backer (1973) menyatakan bahwa di dalam hutan terdapat berbagai keanekaragaman hayati, baik satwa liar maupun tumbuhan. Dari keanekaragaman sumber daya hayati di hutan tersebut tidak hanya terbatas pada jenis tumbuhan berkayu, namun juga ditumbuhi oleh beranekaragam tumbuhan bawah (ground cover/ undergrowth) yang memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi. Tumbuhan bawah merupakan suatu jenis vegetasi dasar yang terdapat di bawah tegakan hutan kecuali anakan pohon. Tumbuhan bawah meliputi rumput-rumputan, herba, semak belukar dan pakupakuan (Yuniawati, 2013).Tumbuhan bawah dalam susunan stratifikasi menempati lapisan D yang memiliki tinggi < 4,5 m dan diameter batangnya sekitar 2 cm (Windusari et al., 2012). Jenis tumbuhan bawah bersifat annual, biennial, perennial serta pola penyebarannya dapat terjadi secara acak, berumpun/berkelompok dan merata. Nirwani (2010) melaporkan bahwa tumbuhan bawah yang ditemukan umumnya dari anggota suku Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, dan pakupakuan. Keberadaan tumbuhan bawah di lantai hutan dapat berfungsi sebagai penahan pukulan air hujan dan aliran permukaan sehingga meminimalkan bahaya erosi. Selain itu, vegetasi tumbuhan bawah berperan penting dalam ekosistem hutan dan menentukan iklim mikro (Hilwan et al., 2013).Struktur dan komposisi vegetasi tumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh komponen ekosistem lainnya yang saling berinteraksi, sehingga vegetasi yang tumbuh secara alami merupakan hasil interaksi berbagai faktor lingkungan. Struktur vegetasi adalah suatu organisasi individu-individu di dalam ruang yang membentuk suatu tegakan (Mueller & Ellenberg, 1974). Sedangkan komposisi hutan merupakan jenisjenis penyusun yang menempati vegetasi di suatu tempat (Wirakusuma, 1980). Perbedaan struktur dan komposisi pada setiap str...

Setyawan. 2018. Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 246-252. Mangrove forests are known as standing stores of sequestered atmospheric carbon. The role of mangrove forests in the sequestering substantial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing the carbon in its biomass has been recently underscored. This research aimed to estimate vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012. Vegetations sampling was done by square plots technique. Diversity index was utilized to determine species diversity. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon sinks. This study only calculates aboveground biomass and carbon sinks. The research results showed that mangrove in Segara Anakan was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and 16 species of herbs. The most dominant tree was Avicennia marina with importance value of 43.62% in Kembang Kuning, 60.27% in Ujung Alang and 25.6% in Klaces. The most dominant of sapling was Avicennia marina, with an important value of 31.1%. The total biomass of a tree is about 43.06 kg/tree or 0.13 ton/ha. Total biomass of sapling was 27.38 kg/tree or 0.32 ton/ha. The carbon sink of the tree was 49.10 ton/ha and carbon sink of sapling was 79.39 ton/ha. It can be concluded that Segara Anakan Mangrove forest is very important as a carbon sink in South part of Central Java, Indonesia.

Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes global climate change seriously. Forests serve as an important asset that can absorb and store carbon in the form of biomass. One type of potential forest as a carbon sink is forests resin. The amount of carbon stored by standing very dynamic and varies according to the age of its standing. Therefore, studies will be needed to determine the effect of age on biomass and carbon stocks stands resin, determine the relationship between age and standing biomass and carbon stocks resin, and knowing the optimum resin stand age in storing biomass and carbon stocks. This research was conducted at the stands of resin RPH Karang Gandul, KPH Banyumas Timur for four weeks in May 2016. The method used is a survey with a sampling technique using cluster random sampling. Stands resin used in the study were classified into five age groups with 5 replicates. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with an error rate of 5% and continued with LSD for further test results were significant and regression analysis to determine the relationship of age with biomass and carbon stocks stands resin. The results showed that the age effect on biomass and carbon stocks stands resin, the relationship formed between the age of stand with biomass and carbon stocks are quadratic, and age optimum in storing biomass and carbon stocks is 35 years.

Mangrove area continues to be decreased and lost in Indonesia due to human activities as well as natural disturbances. Segara Anakan is the largest mangrove ecosystem left in Java Island, where also in critical condition that mainly due to sedimentation and people use. This mangrove degradation can be evaluated by using mangrove understorey as a bioindicator. Acanthus genera are one of mangrove vegetation that can overgrow after mangrove degraded and canopy been opened. There are two species, which are Acanthus ilicifolius and Acanthus ebracteatus in Segara Anakan mangrove ecosystems. The survey method with purposive sampling was used in this study in 2010 and 2018. Ecological data were analyzed using PRIMER-E, mapping, and spatial analysis using Surfer and ArcView 3.2. The study shows two species of Acanthus were distributed aggregate, especially in the damaged mangrove that found a low density of mangrove in the sapling and tree category. The density of Acanthus has increased during one decade as well as its distribution than one decade before. Therefore, Acanthus can be used for biomonitoring agent of mangrove damage because of its specific characteristics and distribution.

Abstract. Riwidiharso E, Darsono, Setyowati EA, Pratiknyo H, Sudiana E, Santoso S, Yani E, Widhiono I. 2020. Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 3163-3169. Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) which are traditionally fed by scavenging on farms predispose them to ectoparasites infestation. In this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the common ectoparasites on G. domesticus in the rural areas of Banyumas. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity of ectoparasites, their prevalence, and their relationship to the chickens body weight. This research was conducted by the survey method from December 2019 to April 2020 in five villages around the city of Purwokerto, Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia viz., Kedungwuluh, Kedungwringin, Kutasari, Karangsalam, and Karanggintung. Data analysis was conducted by Shannon Wiener and Evenness indexes. Analysis of variance was used to calculate the difference in prevalence among sample locations. Regression correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between prevalence and chicken body weight. The results showed that there were six ectoparasite species  i.e., Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis, Dermanysus gallinae, Megninia ginglymura, and Haemaphysallis sp. parasitizing G. domesticus. The number of ectoparasite individuals among locations was significantly different (F 5.59 < 32.45; p <0.05). The most number of ectoparasite was found in Karangsalam (272 individuals). The most prevalent ectoparasite was M. cornutus (45%), followed by L. caponis (40%), and the lowest was M. synglineura (25%). Ectoparasite prevalence was associated with chicken weight loss (r = 0.98). The prevalence of ectoparasite of domestic chickens farm in the Banyumas Regency is classified as low but has the potential to influence body weight.