Abstract. Global warming can be defined as a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere. A lot of research work has been carried out to reduce that heat inside the residence such as the used of low density products which can reduce the self-weight, foundation size and construction costs. Foamed concrete it possesses high flow ability, low self-weight, minimal consumption of aggregate, controlled low strength and excellent thermal insulation properties. This study investigate the characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete where Portland cement (OPC) was replaced by hollow glass microsphere (HGMs) at 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% by weight. The density of wet concrete is 1000 kg/m3 were tested with a ratio of 0.55 for all water binder mixture. Lightweight foamed concrete hollow glass microsphere (HGMs) produced were cured by air curing and water curing in tank for 7, 14 and 28 days. A total of 52 concrete cubes of size 100mm x 100mm x 100mm and 215mm x102.5mm x 65mm were produced. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were carried out to study the chemical composition and physical properties of crystalline materials in hollow glass microspheres. The experiments involved in this study are compression strength, water absorption test, density and thermal insulation test. The results show that the compressive strength of foamed concrete has reached the highest in 3% of hollow glass microsphere with less water absorption and less of thermal insulation. As a conclusion, the quantity of hollow glass microsphere plays an important role in determining the strength and water absorption and also thermal insulation in foamed concrete and 3% hollow glass microspheres as a replacement for Portland cement (OPC) showed an optimum value in this study as it presents a significant effect than other percentage.

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The Ministry of Housing and Local Government (KPKT) initiated Safe City Program in August 2004 as a move towards creating a safe communities and environment in urban areas to improve public quality of life. It served as a crime prevention measure in ensuring the crime rate in the city can be reduced and enables the residents to live, comfortably and safely without fear. To implement this program, each municipal council’s department of town and country planning lead the effort by designing a safe environment and reduce the chance to commit crimes. This study aims to evaluate public awareness of safe city program implementation in Johor Bahru district. Community engagement is important to make sure local community fully aware about safe city program and help in making the program successful. To determine the level of awareness, 80 questionnaires were distributed to public community around affected areas. The data were then analysed using spread sheet program and SPSS. Result has shown that public awareness is closely related with physical visibility for each safe city initiatives. The significant of the study is to provide strategy to increase public awareness for the continuation of safe city program in the future.

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