Different heat transfer fluids with very high thermal stability are highly desirable for heat exchangers. Inadequate understanding on the basic principle of nanofluid flow, unsatisfactory experimental data on nanofluid heat transfer and general context for heat transfer correlation is yet to be established. The work under focus will be on highlighting working principles, problems hindering practical application of unconventional heat exchangers devices, and the various means of utilizing nanotechnology in improved efficiency. The study investigates experiments on heat exchangers in the last decade, the gap in knowledge and future applications of nanotechnology in improving heat transfer. This review summarizes, the significant advances of various nanotechnology in heat transfer application of recent energy conversion system.

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