Background:We have previously reported that a 12 day course of cyclosporine facilitates tolerance induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I mismatched kidneys in MGH miniature swine, and that these animals reject donor MHC matched, skin grafts in between 16 and 25 days. We studied skin survival as a component of vascularized composite allografts (VCA) transplanted to animals tolerant of MHC class I mismatched kidneys, during the induction and maintenance phases of tolerance.