Our results suggest that regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may play a central role in IgG4 production in the interstitium and TGF-β1 induced by Tregs may play a pivotal role in the interstitial fibrosis including type III and type IV collagens in IgG4-RKD.

Proximity effects in multiwiring layers including heavy-metal materials such as tungsten (W) plug are crucial. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional proximity effect correction method which is based on the simplified electron energy flux (SEEF) model combined with the extended area density map method to multilayer structure is proposed. In this SEEF model, electron energy fluxes transmitted and reflected at each layer are discussed and their maps are reconstructed repeatedly by distributing and gathering electron energy fluxes at each layer. The resultant final map of electron energy flux at the surface layer under the resist contributes as the backscattering energy deposited in the resist. Our new correction method has been confirmed by the experiments to powerfully correct the proximity effects in a 3-layer structure. The screening effect due to the W plug array is first observed and can also be corrected by the proposed method.

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We propose a practical optical proximity correction (OPC) system, whose characteristics are simple and effective, for logic LSI circuits and outline all the steps for OPC. We also report the improvement of gate length deviations in a logic device with OPC.